Period 5 Learning about language

1. Unit 1 Living well Helen Keller Period 5 Learning about language

2. Revision

3. Words preview n.  主流；主要倾向 adj.  令人满意的；令人愉快的 不必担心 n.  政治（学） vt.  废除；废止 n.  废除；废止 vi. & vt.  辞职;辞去(工作,职位等) n.  奴隶制 n.  文学（作品）；著作；文献 △mainstream △fulfilling never mind politics abolish △abolition resign slavery literature

4. Phrases

5. be proud to have done • 为做过…而自豪 ______________ • 参加 _____________ • 某人的志向是去做某事___________________ • 高考__________________ • 使某事被做__________________ • 希望做某事_______________ • 过着忙碌的生活______________ • 适合…_______________ • 在…中扮演主角______________ • 上课 ________________ take part in one’s ambition is to do sth university/college entrance exams have sth done hope to do sth lead/live a busy life be suitable for play a major part/role in take lessons

6. glance at 11. 浏览，匆匆看一下 ____________ 12. 发现…有用 ______________ 13. 换句话来说 _______________ 14. 除此之外 ____________ 15. 撞到…上 ____________ 16. 适应 __________ 17. 和…一样 _____________ 18. 过去常常做某事_______________ 19. 事实上 __________ 20. 梦想做某事 _____________ 21. 最后 ___________ 22. 至少 __________ find sth beneficial in other words in addition bump into adapt to the same as used to do sth in fact dream about doing sth in the end at least

7. cut out 23. 切去 ____________ 24. 上气不接下气 _______________ 25. 太…而不能…____________ 26. 总之 ____________ 27. 闲坐着 ___________ 28. 和，也, 除了….还 __________ 29. 在很多方面 ____________ 30. 为…难过/惋惜_____________ 31. 取笑 ____________ 32. 接受他们现在的样子 ____________ 33. 像你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的 生活 __________________ 34. 一次,每次 ____________ out of breath too…to… all in all sit around as well as in many ways feel sorry for make fun of accept them for who they are live as rich and full a life as you do at a time

8. Phrases 换句话说,那就是说 1. in other words ______________ 2. out of breath _____________ 3. all in all _____________ 4. bump into _____________ 5. at a time _____________ 6. up until _______________ 上气不接下气 总而言之 撞上, 不期而遇 每次,一次 一直到…为止,直到…

9. 做梦,梦见; 向往,渴望 7. dream about / of ________________ 8. make fun of ___________________ 9. feel sorry for sb _________________ 10. feel sorry for oneself_____________ 11. sit around ___________________ 12. as well as ____________________ 13. as well _____________________ 14. be worth ______________________ 取笑, 开…的玩笑 同情某人 自己感到忧伤 闲坐着 不但…而且…, 既…又… 也… 值得

10. Exercise 单词拼写 The theatre has very good access for the _________(残疾人). We test your ________ (视力) before giving you driving license. I couldn’t have done it without your _______________ (鼓舞). Mary is an old lady of great _______ (高贵的品质). disabled eyesight encouragement dignity

11. 5. Tom is studying ________ (政治) at university. 6. One of her a_________ is to become a doctor. 7. She went on holiday alone---she’s very i___________. 8. She took a year’s leave of a_______ from her job. 9. The tale of Two Cities in one of the great works of English l________. 10. He g________ from high school and went to college last year. politics mbitions ndepedent bsence iterature raduated

12. Learning about Language Discovering useful words and expressions

13. 1 1 Fill in the table below.You can use the dictionary to help you. ambition absence suitable beneficial annoyed/annoying

14. clumsy firm noisy psychological encouragement

15. 2 2 Answer each question by using a correct new word in this unit. 1. How do you measure the length of a race round a racetrack? 2. How would you feel if someone kept talking when you were trying to read? lap annoyed

16. 3. In what way can a teacher check if you have learned the new words by heart? 4. What do you call an item written in a diary or in a dictionary? 5. What kind of instrument does a doctor need to examine viruses in blood? dictation entry microscope

17. 6. How do you describe someone who is happy to meet new people? 7. What do you call students in the same year group and the same situation as you? 8. What do you call the behaviour of one student to others? outgoing fellow conduct

18. 3 3 Complete this passage using the words below. adapt to cut out in other words out of breath sit around in many ways make fun of all in all There was a time when children with mental disabilities were prevented from living a normal life _____________. They used to __________ in their own homes after being educated in special schools. inmanyways sitaround

19. Other people sometimes ___________ them. But now things are changing. There are training programmes for young people with mental disabilities, which have proved very beneficial. Students like Xie Li, mentally disabled from birth, now have a chance to become athletes. But it is a challenge. She has to __________ training programmes as well as mixing with other able-bodied athletes. make fun of adaptto

20. “Xie Li’s confidence has grown,” said her father. “She looks much better and is not so often ___________ after her training. ________ her mother and I are very happy with her progress.” So, instead of ___________ mainstream activities, mentally disabled students can become part of the mainstream. ______________ they can lead a more fulfilling life. Inotherwords out of breath All in all cutting out

21. Learning about Language Revising useful structures

22. Grammar: the Infinitive 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由 “ to+动词原形” 构成, 没有人称和数的 变化, 在句中不能独立作谓语。但 不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征， 在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、 表语、定语、状语等。

23. 辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分: 1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. subject subject predicative(表语)

24. attribute 4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class tohave a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. attribute object object

25. adverbial(状语) 8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. adverbial objectcomplement

26. 一. 不定式在句中的功能 1. 作主语: 那样做是很幼稚的. To act like that is childish. 为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象,常用it做 形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置. 要学好英语不是那么容易的。 e.g. It is not easy to learn English well.

27. 2. 作宾语 她喜欢谈论这件事情。 e.g. She loves to talk about the matter. 他希望不久能找到工作. He hopes to find a job soon. 他答应不把这事告诉任何人． He promised not to tell anyone about it.

28. 常接不定式做宾语的动词有： afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, wish等.

29. 1) 不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语. 你记得哪一条路到哪儿吗？ Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗? Have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器. I’ll ask him how to operate the machine.

30. 2) 有时不定式由whether引起. I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it. 3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语, 补语是形容词(间或是名词), 常用it作形式 宾语,把不定式后移. I find it difficult to work with him.

31. 3. 作宾语补足语: • 动词+宾语+带to的不定式 She asked me to stay there. Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you. Father will not allow us to play on the street. My brother asked me to clean the room with him.

32. 常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell ,invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等.

33. 在主动结构中, 下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应 省略to: “五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at) “三使”(make, let, have) “两听”(hear, listen to) “一感觉”(feel)。 e.g. Who made him work all night long? The policeman saw a child play in the street. Don’t make the children do such heavy work. Shall I have him come here? 但是, 改为被动结构后, 应补出省略的to。 e.g. He was seen to break the window.

34. The policeman saw a child play in the street. A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.

35. 4. 作表语 不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容。 My work is to clean the room every day. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 His dream is to be a doctor. 我的工作是帮助病人。 My job is to help the patient

36. 5. 作定语 不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面, 往往 表示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school. I have some books for you to read. She is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about.

37. 6. 作状语 目的状语:常用的结构—to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such …as to do, etc. I come here to say good-bye to you. 结果状语:常与only , enough 或too连用。 He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school.

38. 原因状语: 一般用在句尾 I’m glad to see you. She wept to see the sight.

39. 二. 不定式的否定结构： 动词不定式的否定式由 not/never＋to do 构成， 另外还有 in order not to do，so as not to do。 否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前。 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍. Please tell your child not to play in the street. 她检查名字为了不犯错误. She checked the names soasnotto make mistakes. I told him not to do it.我让他别那样做的。 Father warned me never to drive after drinking. 父亲警告我不要酒后开车。

41. 1)一般时表示的动作, 有时与谓语动词表示的 动作同时发生, 有时发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之后。 He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。 I hopetosee you again. 我希望再见到你。 2). 完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之前。 很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。 I’m sorry tohave given you so much trouble.

42. 3). 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行, 与谓语 动词表示的动作同时发生。 他好象正在吃什么东西。 He seems to beeating something. 4). 完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续 至说话的时候。 据说她研究这问题有好多年了。 She is said to have been working on the problem for many years.

43. 进行式的动作发生在与谓语动词动作同时且正在进行。进行式的动作发生在与谓语动词动作同时且正在进行。 He is said to write a book. 据说他将写本书。(之后) He is said to have written a book. 据说他已经写了本书。(之前) He pretended to be reading the text when I came in. 当我进来时，他假装正在读课文。(同时) 2．动词不定式的被动语态 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式。

44. I'm pleased to have been given this opportunity. 给了我这次机会我很高兴。 四、连接词＋不定式 连接代词和连接副词及whether后可接不定式，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语和宾语。 I know what to do.(I do what) 我知道要做什么。 How to solve the problem is very important. 怎样解决这个问题是非常重要的。

45. Practice • She reached the top of the hill and stopped • ______ on a big rock by the side of the path. • A. to have rested B. resting • C. to rest D. rest • 2. We’re planning ______ a party next week. • A. to have B. have C. having D. had C A

46. 3. ---Which do you prefer ____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? ----Neither. A. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend 4. Did you find out _____ the pie out of the oven? A. When to take B. to take C. have taken D. being taken B A

47. 5. _____ get a complete picture, further information is needed. A. In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have 6. It’s necessary ____ some English grammar. A. for students to learn B. for students learning C. of students to learn D. of students learning B A

48. 7. I ought to ____ him the news, but I forgot to do so. A. remember to tell B. remember telling C. have remembered to tell D. have remembered telling 8. I ____ you the exciting news, but you were not at home. A. meant telling B. meant to telling C. meant to having told D. meant to tell C D

49. 高考链接 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______. (2008全国I卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed B

50. 2. –Did the book give the information you needed? –Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 3. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. (2008北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed A C