Chapter 11 Personal Health

1. Chapter 11Personal Health Page 326

2. Lesson 1Healthy Teeth, Skin, Hair & Nails • Healthy Teeth- look good, chew food, speak correctly- each tooth has a root that goes into jawbone- roots are surrounded by gums- top of tooth is crown which is covered by enamel- teeth need to last a lifetime so take care of them- limit sugary drinks/food, brush and floss often • Tooth Care- brush after each meal or at least twice a day (soft bristled toothbrush), use mouthwash or warm water, floss daily- use toothpaste or mouthwash with fluoride (chemical that helps prevent tooth decay)- tap water has fluoride in it

3. Teeth & Skin • Tooth Decay- PLAQUE (thin, sticky film that builds up on teeth and leads to tooth decay)- bacteria in plaque feed on sugars/starches and produce acids that break down tooth enamel leading to decay, holes and cavities- Page 329 • Healthy Skin- body’s largest organ is skin, skin gives sense of touch, temperature, defends against infection, gets rid of water and salt (sweat), sun gives vitamin d (healthy bones/teeth)- Page 330

4. Skin • Skin Care- healthy skin feels, looks and smells good- bathe every day, use lotion, limit time in the sun and avoid tanning beds (damage skin, leads to skin cancer, hurt eyes and immune system), avoid tattoos and piercings • Sun Damage- sun gives ultraviolet (UV) rays (invisible form of radiation that can enter skin cells and change their structure- sun can damage skin cells, wrinkle skin, cause cancer- MELANIN (substance that gives skin color)

5. Acne & Hair • ACNE (skin condition caused by active oil glands that clog hair follicles)- bacteria gathers in clogged pores making them swell up- Dermatologist (doctor who specializes in skin problems) may be able to help- don’t touch skin or pop pimple, wash with mild soap and warm water, don’t scrub too hard • Healthy Hair- hair contains protein called keratin (gives hair strength and allows to bend without breaking)- brush hair daily to remove dirt and spreads oil- shampoo your hair- Dandruff (condition that results when too many dead skin cells flake off the outer layer of the scalp)- use special shampoo to help- can happen due to skin disease or fungus- Head lice are tiny insects that live/feed on hair- itchy- anyone can get it, spread when people share combs, brushes, hats, personal items- special shampoo to treat lice • Nails- wash hands, use lotion, clip nails (don’t bite, tear or pick nails), use nail file

6. Lesson 2Healthy Eyes and Ears • Healthy Eyes- don’t look at sun, wear sunglasses, don’t sit close to screen (at least 6 ft away), read with light, protect your eyes from injury, don’t rub your eyes- Conjunctivitis (pink eye) can turn eyes red and bother them • Eye Examinations- Optometrist (health care professional who is trained to examine the eyes for vision problems and prescribe corrective lenses)- schedule routine visit one a year- check for eye diseases- Ophthalmologist (physician who specializes in the structure, functions and diseases of the eye)- fits for corrective lenses- treats more serious problems- CATARACT (eye condition in which the lens becomes cloudy as a person ages) GLAUCOMA (eye condition in which fluid pressure builds up inside the eye)-if not treated promptly, CAN DAMAGE OPTIC NERVE AND CAUSE BLINDNESS

7. Eyes and Ears • Correcting Vision- NEARSIGHTED (can clearly see objects close up) FARSIGHTED (can clearly see objects far away) – some become farsighted with age ASTIGMATISM (eye condition in which images appear wavy or blurry) • Healthy Ears- hear and give sense of balance- use wash cloth to clean outside of ears, don’t insert anything into ear- protect against hearing loss- TINNITUS (constant ringing in the ears) can get from loud noises (music) or from disease- Deafness (condition in which someone has difficulty hearing sound or has complete hearing loss)- can be born deaf or become- Decibel (unit for measuring the loudness of sound) normal conversation is 60 decibels- above 90 decibels damage hearing- wear earplugs/headphones- Page 338

8. Lesson 3Smart Consumer Choices • Being a Responsible Consumer- CONSUMER (person who buys products and services)- Page 341- Influences on Consumer Choices: • Advertising (message designed to influence consumers to buy a product/service)- describes why product might be good- doesn’t discuss products drawbacks or compare itself to other products- advertisers spend billions of dollars to sell products- ask yourself before you buy anything: is ad facts or opinions, is it too good to be true, is it fraudulent (calculated effort to trick or fool others), do you need product- some companies only care about making money not protecting you

9. Influences on Consumer Choices • Advertising- product will make you popular, successful, beautiful- celebrity ENDORSEMENT(statement of approval)- many advertisers pay actors/athletes large amounts of money to endorse a product- Infomercials (long tv commercials whose main purpose seems to be to present information rather than to sell a product)- really an ad trying to sell a product

10. Influences on Consumer Choices • Think Before You Buy- Comparison Shop (collecting information, comparing products, evaluating their benefits and choosing products with the best value)- some products have Generics (products sold in plain packages at lower prices than brand-name products)- some products come with a warranty (company’s or store’s written agreement to repair a product or refund you money if the product doesn’t function properly)- read the fine print- may cover some services but not all- Read the Product Labels- don’t be fooled by fancy packaging- Page 344- if get faulty product, return to store exchange, refund money or explain warranty, if can’t help contact the manufacturer- keep a copy of purchase receipt, write serial # and salespersons name, describe problem- Page 345

11. Lesson 4Using Medicines Wisely • Drugs and Medicines- (drug that prevents or cures an illness or eases its symptoms)- Prescription Medicine (can be obtained legally only with a doctor’s written permission)- doctors write how often and how much to take medicine- Pharmacist (person trained to prepare and distribute medicine)- OTC (over the counter) medicine (can buy without doctor’s permission)- found in grocery/drug stores

12. Medicine • Safe Use of Medicines- medicines can hurt you- Side Effects (reaction to a medicine other than the one intended)- dizziness, nausea, upset stomach- always follow instructions- tell doctor about allergies- some medicine can’t be taken together- medicines are still drugs- can become addicted, cause injury or death- pregnant women should talk to doctor before taking any medication

13. Lesson 5Choosing Health Care • Goals of Health Care- to prevent disease, injury and cure them- visit doctor at least once a year to talk about your health and receive vaccinations- PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER (health care professional who provides check ups and general care) SPECIALIST (trained to treat a special category or patients or specific health problems- Page 353 • Health Insurance (plan in which person pays a set fee to an insurance company in return for the company’s agreement to pay some or all medical expenses when needed)- patients often have to pay part of their cost

14. Health Care • Private Health Care Plans- Managed Care (emphasize preventative medicine and work to control the cost and maintain the quality of health care) HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION (HMO) (contracts with selected physicians and specialists to provide medical services) Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) (allows members to select a physician who participates in the plan for a reduced cost or to visit the physician of their choice) Point of Service Plan (POS) (combines the features of HMO and PPO)- government also supports health care system