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Ignorance is bliss? Gender and young people’s knowledge and views of services for those who have experienced child sexual abuse. Dr Jane Ellis and Debra Allnock . Overview . Outline study Findings from 2 focus groups Consider some implications for services. The study.
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Ignorance is bliss?Gender and young people’s knowledge and views of services for those who have experienced child sexual abuse Dr Jane Ellis and Debra Allnock
Overview • Outline study • Findings from 2 focus groups • Consider some implications for services
The study • Map current availability of services • Evaluate their accessibility and approachability • Consider provision in relation to identifiable demand and need • Consult with cyp about existing services and type of services they want • Consult with professionals
Methodology Phase 1: questionnaire to 508 eligible services, 173 respondents Phase 2: in-depth interviews with 21 service managers and 11 commissioners Phase 3: Two focus group with yp using vignettes
The young people • Two single-gender groups • Aged 14-17 years • Racially mixed • Recruited through a participation project • Not known to be service users • Difficulty recruiting service users
Awareness and knowledge • Limited awareness and knowledge of local services; • Limited knowledge of what is abuse; • Identified ChildLine, NSPCC, police, social services, Connexions; • Some knew of local rape crisis centre and a mental health charity;
The issue of mental health • Did not identify CAMHS until asked • ‘Mental’ is stigmatising ‘If I had a story like one of these, I’d be put off by the word ‘mental’ because, well, there isn’t anything wrong with me, it’s other people’(yw) • Different views on the impact of sexual abuse
Getting Information • A number of ways of advertising • Range of media • Perceptions of who targeted at mattered • All had a strong sense of being young people not children • Value of advertising?
Seeking help • Initial response is very important ‘… just somebody who believes them! It’s the most important thing’ (yw) • Initially from known people … • All professionals in universal services • But role not important • Respect, trust, power and authority • Cultural differences in relation to ‘family’ • ‘I wouldn’t know what to do’ (yw)
Confidentialityand anonymity • Confidentiality very important • Lack of it would deter disclosure: ‘…if you told at school, they would have to tell the head teacher’ (ym) • Linked to losing control of the situation: ‘I personally, even if I was in danger, I may not want them to do anything until I said so’ (ym) • Understand there are limits
Diverse support and services • Felt choice was important: ‘need options’ (yw) • Recognised that ‘choice’ could be difficult for some: ‘…if you give someone a list of choices and they’re not confident, I would think ‘its too much for me’… At the same time, even though you need a choice, that person needs a mentor, or somebody to guide them through’ (yw) • Face-to-face, web forums, e-mail • Support from friends important
Gender issues (1) • Yw attuned to gender issues • Absent from ym’s discussion • Gender specific, gender sensitive services • Gender of staff mattered – women • Location of services
Gender issues (2) • Loss of masculinity ‘That’s why it needs to be treated sensitively with boys. From a masculinity aspect, they probably feel a loss of that • No references to shaping of femininity • Boys may find it harder to name abuse as abuse
Awareness raising and early intervention • Public education and school-based work • Not knowing or being confident to name experience as abuse: ‘not being able to actually define exactly what child abuse is’ (yw) • Parents need to be educated • Community issue – one young man
Work in schools • Cyp should be taught about abuse and where to get help: ‘So you need to start teaching this in schools at a young age. If it starts at 16 they would automatically know its wrong, and would probably tell someone’ (ym) • By specialist staff not teachers • ‘Some schools won’t let them in’ (ym) • Some children withdrawn
Some implications • Need for greater awareness raising and education for c/yp • Better training for professionals who may be first receiver of a disclosure • Awareness raising that is culturally and gender sensitive
Ignorance is not bliss • ‘Innocence and ignorance are vehicles for adult double standards: a child is ignorant if she doesn’t know what adults want her to know, but innocent if she doesn’t know what adults don’t want her to know.’ (Kitzinger,1997:169)