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Nicole Lattarulo and Abby Barnicle

The Little Rock Nine. Nicole Lattarulo and Abby Barnicle. Question. How did the Little Rock Nine reflect the Civil Rights Era?. Overview. Brown v. Board of Education Southern resistance Nine black students attempt to enter Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas

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Nicole Lattarulo and Abby Barnicle

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  1. The Little Rock Nine Nicole Lattarulo and Abby Barnicle

  2. Question How did the Little Rock Nine reflect the Civil Rights Era?

  3. Overview • Brown v. Board of Education • Southern resistance • Nine black students attempt to enter Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas • Orval Faubus and angry mob • President Eisenhower orders Federal Troops to escort the nine students into the school

  4. Our Argument • Challenges to desegregate America • Increased Governmental Role • Persistence and determination

  5. Nonviolent Resistance! Argument #1Challenges of Desegregation • Montgomery Bus Boycott • Blacks abandon buses in protest to segregation of transportation. • Greensboro Sit-in • Over 66 black students held a sit-in at Woolworth’s lunch counter to protest the segregation of restaurants. Nonviolent Resistance!

  6. Greensboro Sit-In Bus Boycott

  7. Argument #2Government Intervention • Supreme Court Influence • Congressional Influence • Presidential Influence Continue to Argument #3

  8. Supreme Court Influence • Brown v. Board of Education (1954) • Muir v. Louisville (1954) • Browder v. Gayle (1956) • Twenty-Fourth Amendment (1964) Back to Arugment #2

  9. Congressional Influence • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Makes segregation illegal • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Guarantees the right to vote Back to Arugment #2

  10. Presidential Influence • Dwight D. Eisenhower • John F. Kennedy • Lyndon B. Johnson Back to Arugment #2

  11. Argument #3Persistence and Determination • Rosa Parks • Refused to give up her seat on the bus • She was “too tired of discrimination” (Roberts). • Martin Luther King Jr. • March on Washington • Led bus boycott (1955) • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • Nobel Peace Prize (1964) • Selma March

  12. “I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.” – Martin Luther King Jr. August 28, 1963

  13. “Eyes on the Prize Little Rock Nine”

  14. Bibliography • Bilyeu, Suzanne. "1960: Sitting down to take a stand: when four students sat down at a lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., 50 years ago, they helped re- ignite the civil rights movement." New York Times Upfront 18 Jan 2010: n. pag. Web. 2 Jun 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com/gps/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC- Documents&resultListType=RESULT>. • "Civil Rights Act (1964)." National History Day, The Nation Archives and Records Administration, USA Freedom Corps, n.d. Web. 2 Jun 2010. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=old&doc=97>. • Estvanik, Nicole. "The status of a symbol: a kaleidoscopic docudrama puts a human face on little rock's integration crisis--and gives voice to those who live its legacy 50 years later." American Theatre Dec 2007: n. pag. Web. 27 May 2010.<http://find.galegroup.com/gps /infomark.do?&contentSet=IACDocuments&type=retrieve&tabID=T003&prodId =IPS&docId=A172560805&source=gale&srcprod=ITOF&userGroupName=s0940 &version=1.0>. • Johnson, Lyndon. "We Shall Overcome." Great Speeches Collection. The History Place, 1965. Web. 9 Jun 2010. <http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/johnson.htm>. • King, Martin Luther. "I Have a Dream." American Rhetoric: Top 100 Speeches. Intellectual Properties Management, 1963. Web. 9 Jun 2010. <http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm>. • "Little Rock Nine." Student Resource Center: Discovery Collection. Gale, 2010. Web. 9 Jun2010.<http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Loc ale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253AFQE%253D%2528su%252CNone%252C20%252 9The%2BLittle%2BRock%2BNine%2524&contentSet=GSRC&sort=Relevance&tabID=T00 &sgCurrentPosition=0&subjectAction=DISPLAY_SUBJECTS&prodId=DC&searchId=R2¤tP osition=1&userGroupName=20200&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&sgHitCountType=None &qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28ke%2CNone%2C20%29The+Littl e+Rock+Nine%24&inPS=true&searchType=BasicSearchForm&displaySubject=&docId=EJ 2181500069&docType=GSRC>. • Mazzone, Jason. "Brown v. Board of Education (1954)." Sharpe Online References. Postwar America, 2010. Web. 9 Jun 2010. <http://www.sharpe- online.com.SOLR/a/show-content/fullarticle/6/book006-PART1-article71>. • Polakow, Amy. Daisy Bates: civil rights crusader. North Haven, CT: Linnet Books, 2003. Print. • Roberts, Sam. "1955: moving to the Front of the bus: during the Montgomery bus boycott, blacks used their wallets as weapons in the struggle for civil rights." New York Times Upfront 14 Nov 2005: n. pag. Web. 2 Jun 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com/gps/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC- Documents&resultListType=RESULT>. • Roberts, Sam. "1957 the integration of Central High: fifty years ago this fall, President Eisenhower sent federal troops into Arkansas to enforce the desegregation of Little Rock's Central High School." New York Times Upfront 3 Sept 2007: n. pag. Web. 27 May 2010. <http://find.galegroup.com/gps/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC- Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T003&prodId=IPS&docId=A1 70729045&source=gale&srcprod=ITOF&userGroupName=s0940&version=1.0>. • Tryman, Mfanya. "Eisenhower Sends Troops to Little Rock, Arkansas." Salem History. Great Events from History: The Twentieth Century, 2005. Web. 9 Jun 2010. <http://history.salempress.com/doi/full/10.3331/GE20b_263101 7522?prevSearch=%255Bfulltext%253A%2Bthe%2Blittle%2Bo ck%2Bnine%255D&searchHistoryKey=>. • "Voting Rights Act (1965)." National History Day, The Nation Archives and Records Administration, USA Freedom Corps, n.d. Web. 2 Jun 2010. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=100>.

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