Germany

1. Germany Ein Bericht über Deutschland – geschrieben von GaryCampbell Next Slide Nächstes Dia

2. Introduction/Einführung • The Germanic peoples who have lived in Central Europe have played a major role in European history and contributed to the development of European culture since the time of the Roman emperor Augustus. • Although associated with war and militarism in the minds of many, Germany has also been a source of many positive ideas in literature, music, philosophy and science. • Victorious allied forces partitioned Germany into two countries, the Federal Republic of Germany (“West Germany”) and the German Democratic Republic (“East Germany”), by the at the end of World War II. • The country was officially reunited October 3, 1990 after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. • Since the end of World War Two, Germany has developed into a major economic and political force in Europe. Germany is now one of the strongest and most influential members of the European Union. Next slide Nächstes Dia

3. Menu/Menü Maps Landkarten Important Facts Tatsachen History Geschichte Culture Kultur Author Verfasser Credits Quellenangabe Exit Ende

4. Germany in Europe / Deutschland in Europa Next Map Nächstes Dia

5. German Federal RepublicBundesrepublik Deutschland Main Menu Hauptmenü

6. Important Facts/Wichtige Tatsachen • Capital: Berlin • Official Title: Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) • Official language: German • Government: Federal parliamentary republic • President: Horst Köhler • Chancellor: Angela Merkel • 16 States (Bundesländer) • Area: 137,847 sq mi • Population: 81,757,600 (Estimate 1/1/2010) • GDP (nominal): $3.352 trillion (2009 estimate) • Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Main Menu Hauptmenü

7. German History/Deutsche Geschichte Expansion of German tribes: 750 BC – AD 1 Before Rome Vor den Römern Germans and the Roman Empire: 40 BC – 400 AD Germans & Rome Germanen u. Rom Holy Roman Empire / Heiliges Römisches Reich: 962 - 1806 Holy Roman Emp. Heiliges R. Reich 19th Century: Restoration, Revolution And Empire 19th Century 19. Jahrhundert 20th Century: World Wars, Cold War and Reunification 20th Century 20. Jahrhundert Main Menu Hauptmenü

8. Before the Romans/Vor den Römern • Migration of Germanic tribes from southern Scandinavia and northern Germany began during the Nordic Bronze Age or sometime thereafter. • Little is known about the history of these early tribes until their increased interaction with the Roman Empire as the Romans began to incorporate areas north of the Rhine into the Empire. History Menu Geschichtemenü

9. Germans and Rome/Germanen und Rom • Augustus appoints Publius Quinctilius Varus to begin process of systematically conquering Germania, the Roman term for lands running from the Rhine to the Urals. • The Cheruscan tribal leader Arminius (“Hermann the Cherusker”) leads the battle that annihilates three Roman legions and ends Roman expansion in AD 9. • The defeat of Varus preserves German traditions and identity from Roman assimilation. Monument to Hermann’s victory over the Romans in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. History Menu Geschichtemenü

10. Holy Roman EmpireHeiliges Römishes Reich • The death of Charlemagne results in a shift of power to a series of German kings who rule what is labeled the Holy Roman Empire. • The Protestant Reformation begun by Luther eventually leads to the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) that devastates the German states and keeps Germany relatively backward and divided. • In 1806, Napoleon invades and dissolves the Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ca. 1600. History Menu Geschichtemenü

11. 19th Century / 19. Jahrhundert • Occupation by Napoleon leads to rise of German nationalism. Several attempts to establish a unified nation are brutally suppressed. • Rising influence of German state of Prussia eventually brings about establishment of a unified German state under Bismarck. Looking back to the Holy Roman Empire, it is called the Second Empire. • Unification and growing political and economic influence make Germany a major European power. History Menu Geschichtemenü

12. 20th Century / 20. Jahrhundert • German political aspirations lead to two world wars with disastrous consequences for the German nation. • Defeat of Hitler’s “Third Empire” (Drittes Reich) leaves Germany divided into to two separate countries until 1990. • End of the Cold War enables the two German countries to reunite in October,1990. • Germany now is along with France a leading continental power in the European Union. History Menu Geschichtemenü

13. Culture /Kultur German contributions to world culture have been multifaceted : • Literature: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe becomes the author of the first “bestseller” with publication of his “The Sufferings of Young Werther.” E.T. Hoffman, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse and Bertold Brecht are German writers and playwrights known throughout the world. • Music: The compositions of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms and Wagner are heard in all the concert halls of the world. • Philosophy: Immanuel Kant’s becomes the most influential German philosopher of the European Enlightenment. G. W. F. Hegel’s reaction to Kant’s thinking in turn leads to Karl Marx’s development of his economic philosophy of communism. Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophical writings continue to influence thinkers to this day. • Mathematics: German mathematicians such as Karl Gauss, Georg Cantor, Richard Dedekind, Felix Klein and Bernhard Riemann revolutionized mathematical thinking in the 19th Century Main Menu Hauptmenü

14. About the Author / Über den Verfasser • I am currently enrolled in WWU’s Masters in Teaching Program with a major endorsement in German and a secondary endorsement in mathematics. • I earned a BA in economics and worked for ten years in the fields of applied economic research and then finance. Thereafter I returned to university studies and obtained a PhD in German language and literature. • Since 2004 I have been teaching in private alternative schools. I teach primarily mathematics and the physical sciences, but also occasionally economics. Main Menu Hauptmenü

15. Credits / Quellenangabe • Title screen background http://images2.fanpop.com/images/photos/3900000/Germany-landscape-germany-3923254-1024-768.jpg Volk & Children’s Song “Hänschen klein” (from opening credits of film Cross of Iron) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yJ0xB9Mqss Menu slide background: The Rhine Valley above the town of Bacharach http://members.virtualtourist.com/m/3562b/b/ Map of Germany as part of the European Union http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EU-Germany.svg • Map of German Federal Republic http://geology.com/world/germany-satellite-image.shtml • Map of German states (Bundesländer) http://myweb.unomaha.edu/~dselling/image.htm • Map of early migration of Germanic tribes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png • Image of the monument to Hermann the Cherusker http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herrmann-von-Vorne.JPG • Map of Holy Roman Empire ca. 1600 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Holy_Roman_Empire_ca.1600.svg • Map of the Second Empire (Das Deutsche Reich 1871-1918) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deutsches_Reich1.svg • Map of Germany as of September 1, 1945 http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/Pix580_p945d_GHI_E.JPG • Credits background image: : Neuschwanstein Castle http://z.about.com/d/architecture/1/0/U/i/Neuschwanstein.jpg Main Menu Hauptmenü