The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Directions To navigate this part of the site, click on the title of each page or action buttons if any are present.

3. Main Menu Click to Go back to First Page Chapter 11 Vocabulary Life During the Industrial Revolution New Transportation Methods Causes of Industrial Revolution The Lowell Factories Henry Clay’s American System Effects of the Industrial Revolution Inventors and Their Inventions The Erie Canal

4. Chapter 11 Vocabulary • Industrial Revolution 9. Era of Good Feelings • Spinning jenny 10. Sectionalism • Capital 11. American system • Capitalist 12. Internal improvements • Factory system 13. Interstate commerce • Interchangeable parts 14. Clermont • Lowell girl 15. Erie Canal • Urbanization 16. National Road

5. Industrial Revolution Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list A long slow process that changed the way goods were made.

6. Spinning Jenny Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list A machine invented by James Hargreaves in 1764 that could spin several threads at once.

7. Capital Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Another name for money.

8. Capitalist Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Is a person who invests in a business in order to make a profit.

9. Factory System Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods.

10. Interchangeable Parts Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Identical, machine-made parts for a tool or instrument.

11. Lowell Girls Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Young women who worked in the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts during the Industrial Revolution.

12. Urbanization Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Process of a population shifting from farms to cities.

13. National Road Click on title to return to vocabulary list First federally funded national road project, begun in 1811. National Road

14. Clermont Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list A steamboat built in 1807 by Robert Fulton. First steamboat to be commercially successful in American waters.

15. Erie Canal Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Artificial waterway opened in 1825 linking Lake Erie to the Hudson River.

16. Era of Good Feeling Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list The eight years of James Monroe’s presidency, from 1817 to 1825, when the Democratic Republicans dominated the nation’s politics.

17. Sectionalism Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

18. American System Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Henry Clay • Program for economic growth promoted by Henry Clay in the early 1800s. • Called for high tariffs on imports and federal funds to improve transportation.

19. Internal Improvements Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list • Improvements to roads, bridges, and canals.

20. Interstate Commerce Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list Trade between states.

21. Causes Click on title to return to main menu • The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain in the mid 1700s when British inventors developed new machines in clothing (textiles) factories. • James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny in 1764, which allowed a machine to spin several threads at once. Spinning Jenny

22. Causes Click on title to return to chapter 12 vocabulary list • Then a new system of producing goods was created called the factory system, which allowed workers and machines to be housed in one building to produce a good. • Before this method was used, production was done in the home.

23. Samuel Slater • Slater brought the secret of the Factory system over from Great Britain in 1789. • Great Britain passed a law forbidding anyone from taking plans of the factory system out of Great Britain, so Slater simply memorized the plans and left for the Americas to build a factory of his own. • In 1793, he built the first textile (clothing) factory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

24. The War of 1812 • The War of 1812 also led to Industrialization in the United States because during the War with Great Britain trading stopped between the two countries. • The United States needed to replace the goods we used to buy from Great Britain before the war and to also produce items needed for War. Thus, factories were produced to solve this problem.

25. Effects of the Industrial Revolution Click to return to main menu.

26. Urbanization • The movement of people from farms to cities. • In 1800 most Americans lived in rural, or country areas. • During the Industrial Revolution that changed. • New Farming equipment replaced manual labor and people started to move to cities for jobs where there was factories.

27. Hazards The growth of cities caused problems. • Poor sanitation. • No sewers. Waste was thrown onto the streets • Crime • Disease from poor sanitation conditions • Poor housing conditions.

28. New Attractions New forms of entertainment began in cities to attract people. • Museums • Theaters • stores

29. Life During the Industrial Revolution

30. Child Labor • Children as young as seven worked both in the factories and on farms. • They were paid less than women or men. • Children called doffers worked in factories changing equipment on machines when needed. • This was very dangerous and many children were serious hurt on the job.

31. Long Hours Workers in factories worked as many as 12 hours a Day, six days a week.

32. Changes in Home Life • The Industrial Revolution led to more family members going to work. • Women in poorer families often went to work at factories to help support the family. • The same with children.

33. The Lowell Factories

34. Location • Factory was located in Lowell, Massachusetts. • Town was named after it’s founder, Francis Cabot Lowell.

35. The Lowell Mills • The Lowell Mills were an entire town that had more than 10,000 workers. • Most were young girls called “Lowell Girls”. • They were hired for a few years and given room and board.

36. Inventors and Their Inventions Eli Whitney Inventors and Famous Inventions Samuel Morse Samuel Slater's Mill (Click on Pictures) Robert Fulton James Hargreave's "Spinning Jenny" John Deere

37. James Hargreaves • Invented the Spinning Jenny in 1764. • This machine could spin several threads of cloth at once.

38. Edmund Cartwright • Built a loom powered by water in 1780. • This water loom could spin even more cloth than the spinning jenny.

39. Samuel Slater • Brought the factory system to America in 1789 and built the first factory in the United States in 1793. • Now workers and equipment could be placed under one roof to produce goods faster and cheaper than ever before.

40. Eli Whitney • Eli Whitney came up with two inventions. • They were Interchangeable Parts and the Cotton Gin.

41. Interchangeable Parts • Interchangeable parts are identical, machine-made parts for a tool or instrument. • Eli Whitney used this concept to make muskets for the army. Before interchangeable parts, individual gunsmiths would make the parts for muskets. If the part broke it was very difficult to replace, because the parts were handmade. • Now the parts could be replaced quickly because all parts for guns could be made identically. • This concept was soon adapted by manufacturers for all sorts of other goods.

42. Cotton Gin • Invented in 1793, the cotton gin could clean the seeds from cotton faster than by hand. • This led to a boom in cotton production in the south, which became known as the Cotton Kingdom.

43. John Deere Invented a light weight steel plow in 1825.

44. Samuel B. Morse • Invented the telegraph in 1844. • Soon news could be sent across the country using Morse code. Morse Code

45. Robert Fulton • Invented the first successful steamboat line in 1807. • His ship the Clermont sailed from New York City to Albany and back in 62 hours. A record at that time. • Goods could know be moved quicker and cheaper than ever before.

46. New Transportation Methods • In the Early 1800s, new transportation methods were being developed that could get goods and people to distant places faster and cheaper than ever before. Railroads

47. Steamboat • Invented the first successful steamboat line in 1807. • His ship the Clermont sailed from New York City to Albany and back in 62 hours. A record at that time. • Goods could know be moved quicker and cheaper than ever before

48. Canals • Man made waterways were constructed all over the Northeast to get goods to west and east. • One canal that was built between the years 1817-1825 was the Erie Canal.

49. Roads • Improved roads were being built to link the east and west. • That way farmers good send there crops to the east to be sold and manufacturers could send their goods to the west, too. • The first national road was completed in 1818 and linked Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, western Virginia.

50. Railroads • Railroads would eventually replace the canal. • By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was completed connecting the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast.