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No erosion protection on slopes. Good Use of Rock Riprap, But too Little Revegetation. Culvert too small! Did not have permits!. Blading soil within channel or wetlands is considered placing a fill in waters!. Enforcement. Why Take Enforcement Action?. to remedy any harm caused
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Blading soil within channel or wetlands is considered placing a fill in waters!
Why Take Enforcement Action? • to remedy any harm caused • deter future violations • recover economic benefit • to be fair to those who obey the law
Enforcement by the Corps • Unpermitted work in waterways • Cease and Desist • Notice of Violation • Agency Coordination -identify impacts -identify methods to resolve violation • Remove, Restore, Legal Action, After-the-Fact Permit • Refer to EPA
Other Enforcement • IDWR Process is Similar • Unpermitted Work in Streams • Order to Restore the Site • Notice of Violation • Civil Citation • Criminal Citation • EPA Enforcement • Which Cases Do We Take? • What Is the Process?
Summary of Cases in Idaho • Size of waters affected: 0.01–2.7 acres • Environmental Harm – varies • Prior History • Recalcitrance/Degree of Cooperation • Culpability/Knowledge of Requirements • Restoration achieved in almost all cases.
Violators Bulldozed a Side Channel of a River Pushed fill up on shore Removed fill and monitored plant recovery
Five Elements of a Violation • a discharge of... • a pollutant... • from a point source... • into a water of the U.S.... • by a person... without a permit
a discharge of...(sidecasting, bulldozing...) • a pollutant...(dirt, stream gravel...) • from a point source...(construction equipment, like a bulldozer…) • into a water of the U.S....(stream, wetland, canal...) • by a person...(individual, corporation...)
What happens next: • Ask violator to develop a restoration plan • Issue a Compliance Order with plan attached • Violator restores site
Channel was cut through wetlands to carry water from the Salmon River Berm used to direct flow Also put in a road in wetlands Agencies agreed it needed to be restored Violator ignored orders
Cut stream widened with delay Resulting in higher cost of restoration
Determining Penalty • Economic Benefit • Environmental Factors • Size of illegal activity • Harm to ecosystem • Human health impacts • Compliance Factors • Knowledge of requirements • History of violations • Recalcitrance
Next Steps… • Issue a Complaint with Proposed Penalty • Issue a Press Release • Offer Settlement Talks • Violator may propose performing a Supplemental Environmental Project (SEP) • Court Date --rarely
Summary of Penalties Issued • Proposed: $10,000–$80,000 • Judgments: $1,250–$1.5 million
In a Jam? Ask Before You Act
Mike Doherty US Army Corp of Engineers (208) 208-765-7237 michael.t.doherty@usace.army.mil Beth Reinhart US Army Corp of Engineers (208) 208-765-7440 mary.e.reinhart@usace.army.mil Carla Fromm US Environmental Protection Agency (208) 378-5755 fromm.carla@epa.gov Greg Taylor Idaho Department of Water Resources (208) 762-2805 greg.taylor@idwr.idaho.gov Jim Brady Idaho Department of Lands (208) 263-5104 jbrady@idl.idaho.gov Speaker Introduction