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THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR. "The war of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its results were many, startling, and of world-wide meaning." Henry Cabot Lodge. CUBA. Discovered by Columbus (1493) “Pearl” of Sp. Empire (Sugar). U.S. and Cuba: Economic Relations.

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THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

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  1. THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR "The war of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its results were many, startling, and of world-wide meaning."Henry Cabot Lodge

  2. CUBA • Discovered by Columbus (1493) • “Pearl” of Sp. Empire (Sugar)

  3. U.S. and Cuba: Economic Relations • 1894: 90% of Cuba’s exports go to U.S. • Raw sugar sold to U.S. refiners • 90 miles from FL keys

  4. Maximo Gomez • Upset about Spanish taxes and slavery • Organized Ten Years’ War (1868-78) • Military leader of Cuban Revolution (1895) inspired by Marti

  5. Cover illustration by W. A. Rogers Harper's Weekly (April 30, 1898) Cause of Cuba is one of ALL Cubans… “Cuba Libre”

  6. In response to 1895 Cuban Revolution, General Weyler arrives… • Spanish governor in Cuba • Begins “reconcentration” policy • MEAN guy!

  7. Discovered by Magellan (1521) • Major exports: Sugar, hemp, & tobacco

  8. Emilio Aguinaldo • Becomes leader of Katipunan (1897) • Spain preoccupied w/ Cuba • Agrees to be exiled to Hong Kong in return for $ • Returns in 1898 to help U.S. fight Spain

  9. World’s Columbian Exposition Opened May 1, 1893

  10. Frederick Jackson Turner • Historian and speaker at the fair • Frontier has closed (the West) • Need to open a new frontier (overseas)

  11. “I should welcome almost any war for I think this country needs one.” Theodore Roosevelt

  12. William Randolph Hearst • Editor of New York Journal • Competed w/ Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World • “Yellow Journalism” • Hearst hires Outcault (cartoonist) from Pulitzer

  13. Evangelina Cisneros Cuba portrayed as a “damsel in distress”

  14. Battleship Maine January 24, 1898

  15. Battleship Maine February 15, 1898

  16. Explosion of Maine • 266 American sailors killed • Blamed Spanish: “Remember the Maine—the hell w/ Spain!” • Hearst’s NY Journal offers $50,000 reward • President McKinley still avoids war • Most likely was an accident…

  17. Teller AmendmentApril 1898 “United States disclaims any intention to exercise control over Cuba, except for pacification, and asserts when that is accomplished, to leave the island to its people.” Demands Spanish forces to w/draw from Cuba…

  18. Mobilization of • U.S. Navy • Assistant Secretary of Navy Theodore Roosevelt • Commodore Dewey (Asiatic Squadron) • April 22, 1898: Blockade of Havana led by Admiral Sampson

  19. April 25, 1898

  20. Mobilizationof U.S. Army • Lafayette College (PA) • Cornell University (NY) • U.S.=28,000 men • Spain=150,000 men in Cuba

  21. Manila Bay • May 1, 1898 • Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron defeats Sp. • Aguinaldo returns to Manila to help U.S.

  22. First U.S. troops land in Cuba…

  23. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders charge up San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898.

  24. U.S. Victory at Santiago Bay July 17, 1898

  25. Meanwhile in the Philippines... • U.S. troops arrive in July (2 months after Dewey’s victory at Manila Bay) • Spanish running low on food and water Spain finally surrenders in August 1898

  26. Yellow fever strikes U.S. soldiers during peace negotiations…2,000 die

  27. Treaty of Paris • Signed on December 10, 1898 • Spain gives up the Philippines, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico • U.S. gives $20 million for the Philippines

  28. Ratification of TreatyFebruary 6, 1899 • AGAINST: Senators Hoar and Vest (morally wrong) • FOR: Senator Nelson and Henry Cabot Lodge (duty/obligation to civilize and become world power) • Anti-Imperialist League

  29. “Uncle Sam Wishes to Add Another Star to His Flag” American Monthly Review of Reviews (July 1898)

  30. Aftermath of War: Cuba President McKinley passes Platt Amendment 1. Cuba made U.S. protectorate 2. U.S. can intervene in Cuba’s affairs 3. U.S. can establish naval base at Guantanamo Bay

  31. Andrew Carnegie • Industrialist • Member of Anti-Imperialist League • Offers to pay $20 million to give the Philippines its independence

  32. Philippine Revolution • Only language allowed was English, anything anti-American was made illegal, Philippine flag was banned • Filipinos refuse to recognize this government • Brutal guerilla warfare ensues from 1899-1902 • 4,200 U.S. soldiers, 20,000 Filipino soldiers, 200,000 Filipino civilians dead

  33. William Taft • Aguinaldo captured in 1901 • Appointed governor of the Philippines

  34. President McKinley assassinated Teddy Roosevelt becomes President September 1901

  35. Flag of Cuba Flag of the Philippines

  36. Mast of the USS Maine Arlington National Cemetery

  37. The End

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