The Spanish-American War

1. The Spanish-American War

2. Background to the war

3. If the US expands, where would it expand?

4. Latin America – Why? Monroe Doctrine The United States would come to the aid of any western nation. Great Britain and Venezuela - arbitration Places of American Interest

5. CUBAN REVOLT Cubans rebelled against Spain in 1868 and 1895 After the 1895 rebellion, Spain sends 50,000 troops under the command of General ValerianoWeyler In an effort to separate the rebels from the citizens Weyler ordered thousands of Cuban civilians into reconcentration camps Over 200,000 Cuban civilians die from starvation and disease

6. Reaction in the United States • Cuban exiles urge US involvement • Cuban retaliation – Attack American Plantations • General Government Reaction – watch and wait. • Jingo Reaction – War hawks – use US military!!! • American People – will be swayed by Yellow Journalism Joseph Pulitzer The New York World William Randolph Hearst The New York Journal

7. USS Maine – sent to Havana USS Maine was sent to Havana Harbor to protect American interests in 1898

8. Pushing the US toward War

9. Dupuy de Lome Letter intercepted "... McKinley is: weak and catering to the rabble, and, besides, a low politician, who desires to leave a door open to me and to stand well with the jingoes of his party." Insulting the President

10. February 15, 1898

11. Where is this anchor located?

12. Yellow Journalism

13. “Remember the Maine” • McKinley’s demands for Spain • Compensation for Maine • End concentration camps • Truce in Cuba • Cuban independence • Some demands met but not all! • April 11, 1898 – McKinley sends war message to congress – congress grants

14. “Splendid Little War” May 1, 1898 – US Navy destroys the entire Spanish fleet in 7 hours at Manila Harbor In Cuba, the US blockades the island with their eastern fleet

15. July 1, 1898 the “Rough Riders” make there famous charge up San Juan Hill July 3, 1898 – US sank every Spanish ship in Cuba “Splendid Little War” "Rough Riders"

16. Outcome of the War

17. Results – 2,500 American dead (400 in combat) Treaty of Paris December 1898 Spain recognizes Cuban independence $20 Million – US buys Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam Ratified Feb. 1898 Results and the Treaty of Paris

18. Early Concerns about imperialism

19. Concern 1: Cuba • 1900 the new independent Cuban government begins drafting a constitution. • US Deception? • Platt Amendment – • Cuba could not enter into foreign agreements • Must be allowed to establish two naval bases • US has the right to intervene in Cuban affairs when necessary.

20. Concern 2: The Philippines • During the war, the Filipino people fought with the US against Spain – expecting independence. • War ensues for three years • Over 200,000 civilians killed

21. Concern 3: The Way we annex Hawaii • 1893 – Sanford Dole and the US Marines remove the nationalist Queen Liliuokalani from power. • 1898 – US annexes Hawaii • President McKinley – “We need Hawaii, like we needed California. It’s manifest destiny.” Liliuokalani

22. Concern 4: Access to China • Foreign Spheres of Influence – seek to destroy US hopes in China. • SofS John Hay proposes the Open Door Policy to China. • Equal access to Chinese consumers • Boxer Rebellions