English 9 Mr. Rinka - Lesson #32

1. English 9Mr. Rinka - Lesson #32 Verbs Poetry Meter & Rhyme

2. Principal Parts of a Verb There are 4 principal parts of a verb: Base Form = walk Present Participle = (is) walking Past = walked Past Participle = (had) walked Present participle and past participle will use a helping verb.

3. Principal Parts of a Verb These 4 principal parts of a verb are used to form different verb tenses. We walk two miles every day. (present tense) My parents are walking now. (present progressive) We walked yesterday in the evening. (past tense) We have walked daily since June. (present perfect tense)

4. Regular Verbs Regular verbs form their present and past participle forms by adding –ingand –d or –edto the base form.

5. Regular Verbs Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding –ingand –d or –edto the base form. We play baseball every day. We are playing baseball after school. We played baseball last weekend. We have played baseball every day this month.

6. Irregular Verbs An irregular verb is one that forms its past and past participle in a way different from adding –d or –ed to the base form. They form their past and past participle as follows: changing vowels or consonants changing vowels and consonants making no change

7. Irregular Verbs

8. Irregular Verbs We begin every class with a test. We began the test one hour ago. We have begun testing, so please work quietly. Please send the letter today. I sent it yesterday, sir. We have sent a letter to the company.

9. Irregular Verbs Students bring their books to class. I brought my books to study hall. I have brought my books to school every day. Please put those flowers in a vase. I put the flowers in a vase. Mom has put the flowers in a vase.

10. Irregular Verbs

11. Irregular Verbs

12. Irregular Verbs

13. Irregular Verbs

14. Irregular Verbs

15. Irregular Verbs If present participle and past participle forms are used as main verbs in sentences, then they must have helping verbs with them. Without helping verbs the sentence would be wrong. I am talking to you. (I talking to you. = wrong) He was playing in the yard. (He playing in the yard = wrong) We have been working a long time. (We working a long time. = wrong)

16. Irregular Verbs Exercises http://www.chompchomp.com/irregular02/irregular02.htm http://www.quia.com/cb/8111.html

17. Poetry Meter & Rhyme

18. POETRY FORM Form - the appearance of the words on the page Some say the world will end in fire; Some say in ice. From what I've tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. “Fire and Ice” Robert Frost

19. POETRY FORM • http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&q=concrete+poem+examples&revid=1436932906&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=univ&ei=g0lITJf-BIL_8Aal78WuDg&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=4&ved=0CD0QsAQwAw&biw=1032&bih=583

20. POETRY FORM Line - a group of words together on one line of the poem O I have been dilatory and dumb, I should have made my way straight to you long ago, I should have blabb'd nothing but you, I should have chanted nothing but you. “To You” Walt Whitman

21. POETRY FORM Stanza - a group of lines arranged together “THE SHEPHERD” How sweet is the Shepherd's sweet lot!   From the morn to the evening he stays;   He shall follow his sheep all the day,   And his tongue shall be filled with praise.    For he hears the lambs' innocent call,   And he hears the ewes' tender reply;   He is watching while they are in peace,   For they know when their Shepherd is nigh. William Blake

22. KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet = a two line stanza Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza Quatrain = a four line stanza Quintet = a five line stanza Sestet (Sextet) = a six line stanza Septet = a seven line stanza Octave = an eight line stanza

23. RHYTHM The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem. Rhythm can be created by meter and rhyme.

24. RHYTHM I THINK that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth is prest Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in summer wear A nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain; Who intimately lives with rain. Poems are made by fools like me, But only God can make a tree. Trees – Joyce Kilmer

25. Meter Meter = stressed and unstressed syllables of words in a poem arranged in repeating patterns. Poets count out the number of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables for each line. Poets repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

26. Meter Foot = a unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables consisting of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.

27. Meter Types of Meter Iambic / - - // unstressed stressed / Trochaic / - - / / stressed unstressed / Anapestic / - - - / / unstressed unstressedstressed / Dactylic / - - - / / stressedunstressed unstressed/

28. Meter - Metrical Lines monometer = one foot per line dimeter = two feet per line trimeter = three feet per line tetrameter = four feet per line pentameter = five feet per line hexameter= six feet per line heptameter = seven feet per line octometer = eight feet per line

29. Meter - Iambic Tetrameter Introduction to Milton- William Blake Anddid those feet in ancient timeWalk upon England's mountains green?And was the holy Lamb of GodOn England's pleasant pastures seen? Anddid / those feet / in an / cienttimeWalk up / on Eng / land's moun / tainsgreen?And was the holy Lamb of GodOn Eng / land's plea / santpas / turesseen?

30. Meter – Trochaic Tetrameter Hiawatha’s Childhood - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow By the shores of GitcheGumee, By the shining Big-Sea-Water, Stood the wigwam of Nokomis, Daughter of the Moon, Nokomis. Bythe /shoresof /Gitche /Gumee, By the / shining/ Big- Sea- / Water, Stoodthe /wigwam/ ofNo / komis, Daughter/ of the/ Moon, No / komis.

31. Meter – Anapestic Tetrameter The Destruction of Sennacherib – Lord Byron The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the fold And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee. The As syri / an came down/ like a wolf/ on the fold And hisco / hortswere gleam /ingin pur / pleand gold And the sheen / of their spears / was like stars / on the sea When the blue/ wave rolls night / lyon deep/ Ga li lee.

32. Meter – Dactylic Tetrameter The Lost Leader by Robert Browning Just for a handful of silver he left us, Just for a riband to stick in his coat – Found the one gift of which fortune bereft us, Lost all the others she lets us devote; Just for a / handfulof / silverhe / leftus, Just for a / ri band to / stickin his / coat– Found the one / gift of which / for tune be / reftus, Lost all the / othersshe / letsus de / vote;

33. FREE VERSE POETRY Free Verse poetry has no repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Free Verse poetry does not rhyme. from Little Father by Li-Young Lee I buried my father in my heart. Now he grows in me, my strange son, My little root who won’t drink milk, Little pale foot sunk in unheard-of night, Little clock spring newly wet In the fire, little grape, parent to the future Wine, a son the fruit of his own son, Little father I ransom with my life.

34. BLANK VERSE POETRY Poetry written in iambic pentameter without end rhyme. What is the boy now, who has lost his ball, What, what is he to do? I saw it goMerrily bouncing, down the street, and then Merrily over-there it is in the water! The Ball Poem – John Berryman

35. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME I THINK that I shall never see ----------------------- A A poem lovely as a tree. --------------------------- A A tree whose hungry mouth is prest --------------- B Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; ---------- B A tree that looks at God all day, ------------------- C And lifts her leafy arms to pray; -------------------- C A tree that may in summer wear ------------------- D A nest of robins in her hair; ------------------------- D Upon whose bosom snow has lain; ---------------- E Who intimately lives with rain. ---------------------- E Poems are made by fools like me, ----------------- A But only God can make a tree. -------------------- A Trees – Joyce Kilmer

36. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME "Hope" is the thing with feathers— ------------------------ AThat perches in the soul— --------------------------------- BAnd sings the tune without the words— ------------------ CAnd never stops—at all— --------------------------------- DAnd sweetest—in the Gale—is heard— ------------------ EAnd sore must be the storm— ----------------------------- FThat could abash the little Bird ---------------------------- EThat kept so many warm— -------------------------------- FI've heard it in the chillestland— ------------------------- GAnd on the strangest Sea— ------------------------------- HYet, never, in Extremity, ------------------------------------ HIt asked a crumb—of Me. --------------------------------- H "Hope" is the thing with feathers – Emily Dickinson

37. Irregular Verbs Exercises http://www.chompchomp.com/irregular02/irregular02.htm http://www.quia.com/cb/8111.html