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The Ming Dynasty

Beginning of the Ming A Chinese army officer leads a rebellion against the crumbling Yuan rule and becomes the new emperor of China. A peasant by origin, he took the name Hong Wu and called his new dynasty “Ming” or, “Brilliant”. The Ming Dynasty. Ming Rule

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The Ming Dynasty

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  1. Beginning of the Ming • A Chinese army officer leads a rebellion against the crumbling Yuan rule and becomes the new emperor of China. A peasant by origin, he took the name Hong Wu and called his new dynasty “Ming” or, “Brilliant”. The Ming Dynasty • Ming Rule • Hong Wu and his successors looked back to the Chinese dynasties (not the Yuan) for inspiration. • Reorganized the tax code, taxing people that had never been taxed before, like scholars. • All Mongols were expelled from Chinese government. The Exam system is restored and made even harder. • Trade and new technology helped to make farming more efficient and make the Ming a true Golden Age of China. • The Voyages of Zheng He • Using the best ships in the world (Chinese ships), the emperors of Ming sent out seven sea voyages. • The leader of the Voyages was a Chinese Muslim and eunuch named Zheng He. • Zheng He traveled all over Southeast Asia, India and even Africa. • His travels resulted in trade and tribute for China. As well, he returned with stories, animals and all sorts of fantastic things from the rest of the world. • Beijing and the Forbidden City • The Ming Emperors moved their capital to the city of Beijing. • There, the Emperors and their families will live until the end of Imperial Chinese History.

  2. The Qing (Manchu) Dynasty 1644 -1912 • Fall of the Ming • As the Ming grew corrupt and weak, the people of the northeastern region of Manchuria invaded China. • The Manchus had already accepted Confucianism and used it to help them control China. • Manchus in China • Chinese outnumbered Manchus 30 to 1. • To keep their rule, they quickly adopted Chinese customs. • Most soldiers and all officers were Manchus. • The top government jobs are reserved for Manchus only. • In 1645, all Chinese men were required to shave their heads bald except for a single queue (braid) at the back of their heads. This was a symbol of submission. • The order read, “Either lose your hair and keep your head or keep your hair and lose your head.” • Emperor Kangxi • Ruled from 1611-1722. • Reduced taxes and undertook public works projects. • Sponsored Chinese art. • Considered by some to be the most able Emperor in Chinese history • The rest of Qing history will be covered Next Year.

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