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Ming Dynasty

Ming Dynasty. By Elisabet Benitez. Timeline 1450-1750. 1406: Construction begins in Forbidden City 1461: Cao Qin rebels against Emperor Yingzong 1628: Li Zicheng l eads a peasant revolt against the Ming Dynasty 1642: The Ming Dynasty army floods Kaifeng to stop revolt

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Ming Dynasty

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  1. Ming Dynasty By Elisabet Benitez

  2. Timeline 1450-1750 • 1406: Construction begins in Forbidden City • 1461: Cao Qin rebels against Emperor Yingzong • 1628: Li Zichengleads a peasant revolt against the Ming Dynasty • 1642: The Ming Dynasty army floods Kaifeng to stop revolt • 1644: Emperor Chonzhen commits suicide in the forbidden city and the Ming Dynasty ends

  3. Government • Emperor made himself the direct ruler instead of using Chief minister • Ming emperors made all the decisions but needed officials to carry out their orders • New code of laws written • Restored the civil service examination and made the test harder • Could to census every few years to help collect taxes more accurately • Kept records carefully and controlled peasants

  4. Economy • In early years of Ming Dynasty China’s economy began to grow • Hong Wu ordered to rebuilt the canals and farms destroyed by the Mongols and ordered people to move there • Agriculture thrived on the new lands and Grand Canal was repaired so that goods could be shipped from north to south • Supported the Silk industry and encourage the growth of cotton • Porcelain production and painting became important and the creation of China

  5. Culture • Chinese culture advance under the Ming • Since merchants and artisans grew wealthier, they wanted to learn more and be entertained • New art, literature, musical styles specially in opera • Produce many novels and fictional stories • Enjoyed seeing dramas on stage • Population about 100 million

  6. Great Wall of China • Great Wall had been built earlier but most of what is seeing today was repaired or built by the Ming

  7. Zheng He • Emperors sent fleet on seven overseas voyages • Wanted to trade, show of China’s powers, and demanded weaker kingdoms to pay tribute • Zhen He was the leader of voyages • When to southeast Asia, India, Persian Gulf, and East Africa • Traded Chinese goods like silk, paper, porcelain, spices, and more • When to Africa and bought animals for Emperor’s zoo • As a result of the voyages Chinese merchants settle in Southeast Asia and India and spread Chinese culture • The Emperor China ended Naval explorations and tribute and destroyed the records of the voyages

  8. Forbidden City Yong Le becomes emperor Moved the capital north from Nanjing to Beijing Built large area of palaces and government buildings that were call the Imperial City The center of the Imperial City was known as the Forbidden City because only top officials could enter

  9. Qing Dynasty Elisabet

  10. Timeline 1450-1750 • 1644: After death of emerorSsuTsung, rebels attack and Prince Dorgon of Manchus helps defeat the rebels and places his nephew on the throne creating the Qing dynasty • 1736: Emperor Qianlong improves empire • 1793-1838: China wants to be paid in silver instead of foreign goods, works for sometime until France and Englad are worried about their supplies of silver, come up with trading scheme like getting Chinese addicted to opium

  11. Timeline • 1839-1842: Opium War. A commissioner is sent to Canton and he burns 20,000 chest of opium and bans all British trades. England declares war, the Qing cannot win against British battleship and surrender in 1842 • 1842-1854: The treaty of Nankings ends the Opium war and give up Hong Kong as a trading post, but when British want to add more things to the treaty Second Opium War begings. China loses again

  12. Government • Ruled China from 1644 until 1911 when it was replaced by the Chinese Republic • Strong and effective leadership kept tension low • Patronize Confucian schools and academies, opened a national library an created encyclopedia of Chinese history and thoughts • Manchu emperors weren’t Chinese • Improve in ordinary live in China and expanded to present size • Manchus ruled using Chinese system but Chinese were forbidden from holding high national offices

  13. Economy • Conquered Outer Mongolia and into Central Asia, Taiwan, and Tiber • Rulers looked after peoples welfare and promoted agriculture • Built large public buildings and public irrigation, walls, gates • Commerce and international trade grew especially with Japan and Europe • Exported porcelain, silk, and spices

  14. Culture • Privilege Classes: • Emperor • Scholar, bureaucrats • Landowners • Commoners: Confucianism created 3 groups • Peasants (larges) • Artisans and workers • Merchants (ranked at bottom but had wealth • Lowest • Actors, beggars, and prostitudes

  15. Foot binding • Foot binding becomes popular and a way to show wealth • Deformed feet couldn't support weight • Deformed feet made female depended on men making men at top • Couldn’t leave house

  16. Emperor Kangxi • Reduce government expenses and lowered taxes • Society gained wealth and enjoyed prosperity and peace • Sponsored art, literacy compilations, linguistic studies and intellectual projects

  17. Emperor Qianlong • Learned emperor who supported economic strength • Participated in global trade bringing wealth and change to China • Economy strong enough to cancel tax collection 4 times • Agricultural production increases: new fertilizers, irrigation techniques, New World crops

  18. Ming & Qing Culture • Restoration of Chinese institutions (family is central) • Sons continued to be more valued than daughters (female infants often killed) • Main goal for wife is to produce male heirs but also educte children and maintain household finances • Some women worked as midwives, textile workers, and performers • Cheap books leads to high literacy rates and interest in cultural expressions • Traditional opera, drama, literature, artistic techniques. • Chinese historical topics and heroes became popular • Landscape and painting on scrolls and porcelain become high valued Ming art form

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