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Ming dynasty. Rise of the Ming. 1368: Hongwu became the first emperor Hongwu reforms: Restored agriculture lands Erased traces of Mongols Promoted power and prosperity Brought stability to China. China returned to Confucianism Improved government through civil service exams.
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Rise of the Ming • 1368: Hongwu became • the first emperor • Hongwu reforms: • Restored agriculture lands • Erased traces of Mongols • Promoted power and prosperity • Brought stability to China
China returned to Confucianism • Improved government through civil service exams
Hongwu became paranoid of outside and internal threats to his power • Became a ruthless tyrant • Killed thousands of government officials • Hongwu died in 1398 power struggle
Voyages of zheng he (eunuch) • 1405 – 7 voyages led by Chinese Muslim admiral (and eunuch) Zheng He
zheng he • To SE Asia, India, Middle East, E. Africa • 40-300 ships in each expedition • Distributed gifts to show Chinese • superiority • Increased outside interest in China
1433 – no more voyages – the Chinese withdrew into self-sufficient isolation
Foreign Relations • To minimize outside influence on China, only the government traded with foreign countries • Merchants profited from smuggling silk, porcelain, and other valuable goods to Europe
European missionaries bring Christianity to China as well as European inventions (clock, prism) • Many educated Chinese oppose Christianity