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Endocrine System

Explore the functions of glands in the endocrine system, their roles in maintaining homeostasis, hormone production, and communication. Learn about key endocrine glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, and gonads.

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System EQ: What are the functions of the glands that make up the endocrine system?

  2. Endocrine System

  3. Function • Maintain Homeostasis (Balance) • Communicates and coordinates physiological responses

  4. Hormones • Chemical messengers • Stimulate physiological responses in other cells • Target Cells • Tropic (Trophic) Hormones • Hormone whose target is another endocrine gland.

  5. Hormone Production and Distribution • Production • Endocrine Glands • Gland: an organ specialized to produce secretions • Distribution • Relies on blood circulatory system • How does this compare to nervous system?

  6. Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Pancreas Adrenal Gonads Ovaries, Testes Endocrine Glands

  7. Hypothalamus • Location- Base of brain case • Functions- Regulation of Primitive or Basal activities such as sex drive and water balance

  8. Pituitary gland • Location- Sphenoid bone of the skull • Anterior Lobe • Produces Six hormones that Regulate • Reproduction, Growth, Activity of the Thyroid Gland • Posterior Lobe • No hormone production only storage of hypothalamic hormones

  9. Thyroid • Largest endocrine gland • Location- Wrapped around anterior and lateral sides of Trachea, just below Larynx • Hormone- Thyroid Hormone • Function- Increases Metabolic Rate

  10. Location- 2 glands one superior to each Kidney. Adrenal Glands

  11. Stress and immune supression Sex steroids- sex hormones (Fight or Flight Response) Adrenal Glands

  12. Location- Inferior and posterior to Stomach Secretion of Insulin- converts glucose to glycogen Function- Glucose Regulation Pancreas

  13. Gonads • Male- Testes • Secrete Androgens such as Testosterone • Female- Ovary • Secrete Estrogen and Progesterone

  14. Pineal Gland • Attached to upper part of thalamus • Secretes hormone Melatonin • Response to light conditions. • Acts upon “biological clock” or Circadian Rhythms

  15. Thymus • Located posterior to the sternum, between the lungs • Secretes Thymosin, affects white blood cells and immunity

  16. Hypothyroidism (Creatinism) Children: mental retardation, development abnormalities Adults: lethargy, obesity Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease) Weight loss, sweating, nervousness, sleeplessness Goiter -----a hypertrophy of the thyroid gland resulting from iodine deficiency Disorders

  17. Pituitary Dwarfism- Insufficient secretion of Growth Hormone Gigantism- Over-secretion of Growth Hormone Disorders

  18. Disorders • Diabetes Mellitus- Disruption of Metabolism due to lack of insulin or lack of response to insulin. • Symptoms- Excessive Urine, Intense Thirst, and Ravenous Hunger • Type I- (Juvenile of Insulin Dependant) Destruction of Insulin Producing Cells • Type II- (Adult or Noninsulin Dependant) Target cells resistant to Insulin

  19. LEFT SIDE ACTIVITY Draw a human body and label the following Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid,Pancreas, Adrenal and, Gonads • Describe the function of each of the above

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