2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

1. Ancient Greek for Everyone:A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Units 4: Conjunctions Biblical Reading 2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

2. Ancient Greek for Everyone • This class • Unit 4 Biblical reading. • Be able to: • read the sentences aloud • parse each verb and noun (with article where it appears) • translate the sentences into English.

3. Ancient Greek for Everyone • A statement of monotheism from the Book of Isaiah: μάρτυρες ὑμεῖς ἐστε, εἰ ἔστιν θεὸς πλὴν ἐμοῦ LXX Is. 44:8 ἐμοῦ (gen sg) me θεός(nom sg) ὁ god μάρτυς -υρος ὁ/ἡ witness πλήνexcept ὑμεῖς(nom pl) you

4. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Isaiah quotes Godon the same theme: ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεός, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλος. LXX Is. 45:22 ἄλλος(nom sg) ὁ other ἐγώ(nom sg) I θεός(nom sg) ὁ god

5. Ancient Greek for Everyone • The Pharisees question the blind man after Jesus has restored his sight, and at one point say: Σὺ μαθητὴς εἶ ἐκείνου, ἡμεῖς δὲ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἐσμὲν μαθηταί. Κατὰ Ἰωάννην 9:28 ἐκείνου(gen sg) ὁ that man (Jesus) ἡμεῖς(nom pl) we μαθητής(nom sg)μαθηταί(nom. pl.) ὁ student Μωϋσέως(gen sg) ὁMoses σύ(nom. sg.) you

6. Ancient Greek for Everyone • The names of the Apostles: τῶν δὲ δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα· πρῶτος Σίμων ὁ λεγόμενος Πέτρος καὶ Ἀνδρέας ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καὶ Ἰωάννης ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ, Κατὰ Μαθθαῖον 10:2 ἀδελφός(nom sg) ὁbrother ἀποστόλων(gen pl) apostle αὐτοῦhis δώδεκαtwelve λεγόμενος(nom sg) ὁcalled πρῶτος(nom sg) ὁfirst ταῦτα(nom/accpl) τόthese

7. Ancient Greek for Everyone • The names of the Apostles continued: 3 Φίλιππος καὶ Βαρθολομαῖος, Θωμᾶς καὶ Μαθθαῖος ὁ τελώνης, Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ἁλφαίου καὶ Θαδδαῖος, 4 Σίμων ὁ Καναναῖος καὶ Ἰούδας ὁ Ἰσκαριώτης ὁ καὶ παραδοὺς αὐτόν. Κατὰ Μαθθαῖον 10:3-4 παραδούς(nom sg) ὁwho betrayed τελώνης(nom sg) ὁtax collector αὐτόνhim

8. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Paul likens the individual members of a church to the limbs of a body and concludes: ὑμεῖς δέ ἐστε σῶμα Χριστοῦ καὶ μέλη ἐκ μέρους. Πρὸς Κορινθίους α’12:27 μέρους(gen sg)τό part μέλη (nom/accpl) τό limb ὑμεῖς(nom pl) y’all Χριστοῦ (gen sg) ὁChrist

9. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Paul is discussing the Resurrection Body: ὁ δὲ θεὸς δίδωσιν αὐτῷ σῶμα καθὼς ἠθέλησεν, καὶ ἑκάστῳ τῶν σπερμάτων ἴδιον σῶμα. Πρὸς Κορινθίους α’15:38 αὐτῷ (datsg) ὁhim, τό it ἑκάστῳ (datsg) ὁ, τόeach ἠθέλησεν (3rdsg) wishes θεός(nom sg) ὁ god ἴδιον (nom/accsg) τό their own καθώςas σπέρμα –ατος τό seed

10. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Paul makes a point about ministry of the New Covenant: οὐ γράμματος ἀλλὰ πνεύματος· τὸ γὰρ γράμμα ἀποκτέννει, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ζῳοποιεῖ. Πρὸς Κορινθίους β’3:6 ἀποκτέννει (3rdsg) kills γράμμμα –ατος τό letter, writing ζῳοποιεῖ(3rdsg) creates life

11. Ancient Greek for Everyone • From the first letter of John: καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν τὸ μαρτυροῦν, ὅτι τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν ἡ ἀλήθεια. ὅτι τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες, τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν. Ἰωάννουα’5: 6-8 μαρτυροῦν(nom/accsg) τόbearing witness μαρτυρῶν -οῦντος ὁ bearing witness τρεῖς (nom) ὁthree ὕδωρ, ὕδατος τό water ἀλήθεια(nom sg) ἡ truth ἕν(nom/acc) τό one εἰς into

12. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Prior to the Latin Vulgate by Jerome (c.347-420) and the impact of figures like Augustine (354-430), Greek was the dominant language of Christianity (and it remained so in the Byzantine East). • As Christianity spread and its institutions grew, early Christians had to work out how to interact with the pagan world, especially the Greek culture that still dominated it. • Well educated, thoroughly versed in Greek literature and an ardent Christian, Clement of Alexandria was one of the “Church Fathers” who embodied Christianity’s absorption and conquest of pagan Greek traditions..

13. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Church Fathers routinely argued that Greek intellectual achievements were in fact stolen from Scripture. Here Clement makes an example of Stoic philosophy: φασὶ γὰρ σῶμα εἶναι τὸν θεὸν οἱ Στωϊκοὶ καὶ πνεῦμα... Clement of Alexandria Stromata 5.14.89 θεόν(accsg) ὁ god Στωϊκοὶ (nom pl) ὁ Stoics