2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu

1. Ancient Greek for Everyone:A New Digital Resource for Beginning GreekUnit 7 part 3: consonant verb stems 2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

2. Ancient Greek for Everyone This class AGE Unit 7 part 3: consonant verb stems • This part of Unit 7 introduces more -ω verbs, grouped according to their stems, so it is easier to learn and remember their forms in the future tense.

3. Ancient Greek for Everyone Review from Unit 1: The Trouble with Sigma Greek is strange when it comes to pronouncing and writing words with the “s” sound: • The combinations πσ,βσ & φσ never appear. Instead, ψ replaces them. • τ,δ and θdisappear before a σ. • The combinations κσ,γσ orχσ never appear. Instead, ξreplaces them.

4. Ancient Greek for Everyone Review from Unit 1: CONSONANTS LabialDentalPalatal π pτtκk = unvoiced β b δ d γ g = voiced φ phθ thχ kh = aspirated ψ psσ s ξ ks = + σ

5. Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY • Because Greek verbs add a –σ to form the future tense, the forms of the future often feature consonant combinations with embedded sigmas. • These combinations affect only the pronunciation, not the meaning of the verb, but they do yield distinctive spellings. • This section introduces new verbs grouped by the type of consonant that ends the stem, so that the forms of the future all look similar, in order to help memorizing and recalling this vocabulary.

6. Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY • Α verb with a stem ending in a labial (-β, -π, -φ) will normally display aψin the future tense (β, π, φ + σψ).

7. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Classical • γράφω -ψω write, draw • λείπω -ψω leave • πέμπω -ψω send • τρέπω -ψω turn • τρέφω, θρέψωnourish

8. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) • ἅπτω, ἅψωtouch • βλέπω -ψω see, look • γράφω -ψω write, draw • ἐπιστρέφω -ψω turnto, return • πέμπω -ψω send • ὑποστρέφω -ψω turnback, return

9. Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY • Α verb with a stem ending in a dental (-δ, -ζ, -θ) will normally display aσin the future tense (δ, ζ, θ +σ σ).

10. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Classical • θαυμάζω -σω be amazed • κατασκευάζω-σω equip, supply • λανθάνω, λήσω escape notice of • ὀνομάζω -σω call by name • πείθω -σω persuade • σῴζω, σώσω save • φράζω -σω tell

11. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) • βαπτίζω-σωbaptize • δοξάζω -σω glorify • ἐτοιμάζω -σω prepare • θαυμάζω -σω beamazed • καθίζω -σω sit • πείθω -σω persuade • πειράζω -σωtry, attempt • σῴζω, σώσω save

12. Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY • Α verb with a stem ending in a palatal (-γ, -κ, -χ) will normally display aξ in the future tense (γ, κ, χ +σ ξ). • Verbs with stems ending in -ττ/-σσfunction the same way. • Classical Attic used -ττ- but most other dialects, along with Koine and later Greek, use -σσ-, but other than spelling and a slight difference in pronunciation, the words are the same with either spelling.

13. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Classical • ἄγω,ἄξω lead, bring, pass (time) • ἁπαλλάττω -ξω release, deliver • ἄρχω -ξω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.) • ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to • δείκνυμι, δείξω show • διδάσκω,διδάξωteach • διώκω -ξω pursue • δοκέω, δόξω seem

14. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Classical • λέγω -ξω say, tell • μίγνυμι, μίξωmix • πράττω-ξω do • τάττω -ξω arrange • φυλάττω -ξω watch, guard, defend

15. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) • ἄγω, ἄξω lead, bring, pass (time) • συνάγω gather together, assemble • ὑπάγω go away, depart • ἀνοίγω -ξω open • ἄρχω -ξω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.) • ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to • διδάσκω,διδάξωteach • διώκω -ξω pursue • δοκέω, δόξω seem

16. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) • κηρύσσω -ύξω proclaim • κράζω,κράξω shout • λέγω -ξω say, tell • Biblical Greek uses ἐρῶ (see Unit 7.4) as the future of λέγω. • πράσσω-ξω do • ὑποτάσσω -ξω subordinate, subject • φυλάσσω -ξω watch, guard, defend

17. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Core • ἄγω, ἄξω lead, bring, pass (time) • ἄρχω -ξω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.) • ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to • βλέπω -ψω see, look • γράφω -ψω write, draw • διδάσκω,διδάξωteach • διώκω -ξω pursue • δοκέω, δόξω seem

18. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Core • θαυμάζω -σω beamazed • λέγω -ξω say, tell • πείθω -σω persuade • πέμπω -ψω send • πράττω-ξω do = πράσσω • σῴζω, σώσω save • φυλάττω-ξω watch, guard, defend = φυλάσσω