2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

1. Ancient Greek for Everyone:A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Units 5: Introduction to PronounsBiblical Reading 2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

2. Ancient Greek for Everyone • This class • Unit 5 Biblical reading. • Be able to: • read the sentences aloud • parse each verb, noun and pronoun • translate the sentences into English.

3. Ancient Greek for Everyone • From a koine Greek translation of an ancient Jewish prayer: καὶ πτωχοῦ καὶ πένητος ἡ ἐλπὶς τίς ἐστιν, εἰ μὴ σύ, κύριε; Psalm of Solomon 5:11 κύριεLord! πένης-ητος ὁ poor man πτωχοῦ(gen sg) ὁ beggar σύ(nom. sg.) you

4. Ancient Greek for Everyone • The fifth book of Moses (the last of the collection called in Greek the Πεντάτευχος“Pentateuch,” which refers to its five volumes) is known in English as Deuteronomy (from Greek Δευτερονόμιον"second law“). • It consists primarily of speeches by Moses to the Israelites, renewing and refining religious practice. • Substantial portions consist of rules and regulations, and as such often have a repeated pattern and formula. • The next several slides give examples of slight variations on a phrase repeated often in Deuteronomy.

5. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Moses recalls that he said to the Israelites that they had come: ἕως τοῦ ὄρους τοῦ Αμορραίου, ὃ ὁ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν δίδωσιν ὑμῖν. LXX Deut. 1:20 θεός(nom sg) ὁ god κύριος (nom sg) ὁ lord ὄρους (gen sg) τό mountain, hill ὑμῖν (datpl) y’all Αμορραίου (gen sg) τό Amorite ἕως as far as ἡμῶν our

6. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Moses recalls the report of the Valley of Eshcol: Ἀγαθὴ ἡ γῆ, ἣν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν δίδωσιν ἡμῖν. LXX Deut. 1:25 ἡμῖν (datpl) us ἡμῶν our θεός(nom sg) ὁ god κύριος (nom sg) ὁ lord ἀγαθὴ (nom sg) ἡ good γῆ (nom sg) ἡ earth, land

7. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Moses relays the Lord’s promise that the Israelites will consume: πάντα τὰ σκῦλα τῶν ἐθνῶν, ἃ κύριος ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοι· LXX Deut. 7:16 πάντα(accpl) τόall σκῦλα (accpl) τόspoils, prizes of war σοι (datsg) you σου your ἐθνῶν (gen pl) τό nation, people θεός(nom sg) ὁ god κύριος (nom sg) ὁ lord

8. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Moses reports on a dedication required of the Israelites if the Lord ἀφανίσῃ τὰ ἔθνη, ἃ ὁ θεός σου δίδωσίν σοιτὴν γῆν αὐτῶν· LXX Deut. 19:1 θεός(nom sg) ὁ god σοι (datsg) you σου your ἀφανίσῃ (3rdsg) obliterates γῆν (accsg) ἡ earth, land ἔθνη (accpl) τό nation, people

9. Ancient Greek for Everyone • One of Job’s friends, Bildad, insists on the righteousness of God. Job counters that God destroys the righteous and wicked alike, and asks: εἰ δὲ μὴ αὐτός, τίς ἐστιν; LXX Job 9:24

10. Ancient Greek for Everyone • At Gerasa, Jesus meets a man possessed by a spirit (πνεῦμα). After he commands the spirit to exit the man, he asks: Τί ὄνομά σοι; to which the spirit replies Λεγιὼν ὄνομά μοι, ὅτι πολλοί ἐσμεν. Κατὰ Μᾶρκον5:9 λεγιών -ωνοςὁ= Latin legio (a Roman unit of 5000+ troops) μοι(datsg) me πολλοί(nom pl) ὁ many σοι(datsg) you

11. Ancient Greek for Everyone • At dinner, after Jesus forgives a woman’s sins, others sitting at the table ask: Τίς οὗτός ἐστιν ὃς καὶ ἁμαρτίας ἀφίησιν; Κατὰ Λουκᾶν 7:49 ἁμαρτίας(accpl) ἡ sins οὗτος(nom sg) ὁ this

12. Ancient Greek for Everyone • When the blind man reports that he was healed by Jesus, others ask him: Ποῦ ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος; Κατὰ Ἰωάννην 9:12 ποῦwhere?

13. Ancient Greek for Everyone • At Simon’s house, Peter answers a call from men sent by Cornelius: Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ εἰμι ὃν ζητεῖτε· τίς ἡ αἰτία δι’ ἣν πάρεστε; Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων10:21 αἰτία(nom sg) ἡ cause, reason δι’ = διάbecause of ἐγώ(nom sg) I ζητεῖτε(2ndpl) seek ἰδούLook! πάρειμι be present

14. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Paul says he is unfit to be called an apostle, χάριτι δὲθεοῦ εἰμι ὅ εἰμι. Πρὸς Κορινθίους α’15:10 χάρις χάριτος ἡ grace θεοῦ(gen sg) ὁ god

15. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Paul warns that God destroys anyone who destroys his temple: ὁ γὰρ ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ἅγιός ἐστιν, οἵτινές ἐστε ὑμεῖς. Πρὸς Κορινθίους α’3:17 ἅγιος(nom sg) ὁ holy θεοῦ(gen sg) ὁ god ναός(nom sg) ὁ temple ὑμεῖς(nom pl) y’all

16. Ancient Greek for Everyone • Paul urges Christians to take the helmet of salvation καὶ τὴν μάχαιραντοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ… Πρὸς Ἐφεσίους6:17 μάχαιραν(accsg) ἡ sword ῥῆμα -ατος τό speech θεοῦ(gen sg) ὁGod

17. Ancient Greek for Everyone • From the Book of Revelation, a lamb that has: …κέρατα ἑπτὰ καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς ἑπτά,οἵ εἰσιν τὰ [ἑπτὰ] πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ ... Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου5:6 κέρας κέρατος τό horn ὀφθαλμούς(accpl) ὁ eyes ἑπτάseven θεοῦ(gen sg) ὁ God