2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu

1. Ancient Greek for Everyone:A New Digital Resource for Beginning GreekUnit 7 part 2: The Future Tense 2013 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

2. Ancient Greek for Everyone This class AGE Unit 7: The Future Tense • So far, all verbs have been in the present tense. • In this unit, Part 2 adds a new tense, the future.

3. Ancient Greek for Everyone • A Greek verb by itself usually communicates FIVE pieces of information: • Person: 1st2nd 3rd • Number: singular, plural • Tense: present, future • Mood: indicative, infinitive • Voice: active PARSING: To “parse” a Greek verb means to identify the above five qualities about a specific verb form.

4. Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek verb • Remember that, to begin building a Greek verb, start with the stem. • The stem tells you what action the verb describes: δεικ = “show” λυ= “loosen, destroy”

5. Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek verb • All the verbs so far have been in the present tense. • So the stem needed a marker that says the verb is in the present tense. • Adding a -ν- to the stem typically marks a verb as in the present tense. • It is easier to pronounce this verb by adding –νυ–, so now the stem looks (and sounds) like this: • δεικνυ = “show” (in the present)

6. Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek verb • This unit introduces verbs in the future tense. • So the stem needs a marker that says the verb is in the future tense. • Adding a -σ- to the stem marks a verb as in the future tense. • So now the stem looks (and sounds) like this: • λυ + σ = “loosen”  λυσ = “loosen” (in the future) • δεικ + σ = “show”  δειξ= “show” (in the future)

7. Ancient Greek for Everyone Conjugating a Greek verb • Remember that Greek has two conjugations: • -μιverbs • -ωverbs • ALL VERBS, regardless of what endings they use in the present tense, use -ωverb endings in the future tense. • Future tense = verb stem + σ + -ωverb endings

8. Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek verb • Remember that, to indicate person and number, -ω verbs use distinct endings, which are as follows: • -ω= I (1st person singular) -ομεν= we (1st person plural) • -εις= you (2nd person singular) -ετε= y’all (2nd person plural) • -ει= (s)he, it (3rd person sing) -ουσι= they (3rd person plural)

9. Ancient Greek for Everyone • λύσω • I will loosen. • λύσεις • Youwillloosen. • λύσει • (S)he/itwillloosen. • λύσομεν • Wewillloosen. • λύσετε • Y’all willloosen. • λύσουσι • Theywillloosen. Building a Greek Verb The Future Indicative Active of λύω

10. Ancient Greek for Everyone • δείξω • I willshow. • δείξεις • Youwillshow. • δείξει • (S)he/itwillshow. • δείξομεν • Wewill show. • δείξετε • Y’all will show. • δείξουσι • Theywill show. Building a Greek Verb The Future Indicative Active of δείκνυμι

11. Ancient Greek for Everyone • The ending –ειν signals that an -ωverb is in the infinitive. • λύσειν • δείξειν • This form is the future, infinitive, active.

12. Ancient Greek for Everyone Vocabulary: Principal Parts • Greek verbs can morph into a variety of forms (you already know 14 different forms of a verb). • You have already seen how vocabulary entries begin with just the 1st person singular present indicative active. • Because adding -σ- to the verb stem can be tricky, vocabulary entries also normally include the 1st person singular future indicative active as well. • These two forms are called principal parts, because they are principal forms that indicate how other forms work.

13. Ancient Greek for Everyone Vocabulary: Principal Parts • The following slides review the verbs from Units 2 and 7, adding in their second principal part, the 1stperson singular future indicative active. • Some verbs never occur in the future indicative active. If a verb from a previous list is not repeated here, it is because it does not occur in the future indicative active. • Verbs of the -ωconjugation that use the -ν- in the present tense rarely occur in the future indicative active, or are irregular in some way, so that set of verbs is not reviewed here.

14. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 2 Vocabulary: Classical • βουλεύω, βουλεύσω deliberate, resolve • θύω, θύσω sacrifice • κελεύω, κελεύσω order • κωλύω, κωλύσω prevent • λύω, λύσω loosen, destroy • παύω, παύσω stop • πιστεύω, πιστεύσω trust, rely on, believe in (+ dat.) • πορεύω, πορεύσω carry; (mid.) go, march • φύω, φύσω produce

15. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 2 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) • ἀκούω, ἀκούσω hear • κλαίω, κλαύσω cry out • λύω, λύσω loosen, destroy • ἀπολύω release, divorce, forgive • περισσεύω,περισσεύσω be left over, increase, exceed • πιστεύω, πιστεύσω trust, rely on, believe in (+ dat.)

16. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 2 Vocabulary: • ἀπο + ολ- ἀπόλλυμι,ἀπολῶkill, destroy This verb has a “contract future,” which gives it a different accent, but which otherwise appears and sounds like a regular -ωverb. • δεικ-  δείκνυμι, δείξω show • μιγ-  μίγνυμι, μίξωmix • δω-  δίδωμι, δώσωgive • ἀποδίδωμι, ἀποδώσω give back • παραδίδωμι, παραδώσω hand over, deliver • ἥ-  ἵημι, ἥσωthrow • ἀφίημι, ἀφήσω let go, allow, forgive

17. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 2 Vocabulary: • στη-  ἵστημι, στήσωstand • ἀνίστημι, ἀναστήσω raise, appoint • καθίστημι, καταστήσω set down, establish • παρίστημι, παραστήσω present • θη-  τίθημι, θήσωput, make • ἐπιτίθημι, ἐπιθήσω put on • προστίθημι, προσθήσω addto • φη-  φημί, φήσωsay

18. Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 2 Vocabulary: Core • ἀκούω, ἀκούσω hear • ἀποδίδωμι, ἀποδώσω give back • ἀπόλλυμι,ἀπολῶkill, destroy • ἀφίημι, ἀφήσω let go, allow, forgive • δίδωμι, δώσωgive • ἵστημι, στήσωstand • λύω, λύσω loosen, destroy • παραδίδωμι, παραδώσω hand over, deliver • πιστεύω, πιστεύσω trust, rely on, believe in (+ dat.) • τίθημι, θήσωput, make • φημί, φήσωsay