After-1eful-1

1. After-1.useful-1 Useful Expressions 1.系鞋带 tie one’s shoes 2.想做某事 feel like doing sth. 3.一群 a pack of rise above one’s limitations 4.冲破身体的极限 5.招聘广告 help wanted ads

2. After-1.useful-2 Useful Expressions 6.家用物品 household products 7.零售推销员 a retail salesman 8.不平衡 off balance a shoeshine stand 9.擦鞋摊 10.让某人下车 drop sb. off

3. After-1.useful-3 Useful Expressions 11.在打电话 on the phone 12.用完肥皂 be out of soap 13.躺着(或坐着) off one’s feet lead a solitary life 14.过着离群索居的生活 15.靠佣金赚钱 work on commission

4. After-1.useful-4 Useful Expressions 16.带薪假期 paid holidays 17.减轻疼痛 relieve pain 18.因……而卧床休养 be laid up with feel sorry for oneself 19.自悲自怜 scrawled signature 20.潦草的签名

5. After-1.useful-3 Useful Expressions 21.安乐椅 an easy chair 22.熄灭 go off

6. Article1_W_popwin_linger1 LIFE OF A SALESMAN linger: vi. The alarm rings. It’s 5:45. He could linger under the covers, listening to the radio and a weatherman who predicts rain. People would understand. He knows that. A surgeon’s scar cuts across his lower back. The fingers on his right hand are so twisted that he can’t tie his shoes. Some days, he feels like surrendering. But his dead mother’s challenge echoes in his soul. So, too, do the voices of those who believed him stupid, incapable of living independently. All his life he’s struggled to prove them wrong. He will not quit. And so Bill Porter rises. 1) spend a long time doing sth. My daughter used to linger long over her meal. There will be no time to linger -- the press conference will begin in a few minutes. 2) stay for a long time, esp. because one does not want to leave He was still lingering around the stadium long after the game was over.

7. Article1_W_popwin_linger2 LIFE OF A SALESMAN CF:stay, linger & remain 这几个词都可用作动词，都有“停留、逗留”之意。 The alarm rings. It’s 5:45. He could linger under the covers, listening to the radio and a weatherman who predicts rain. People would understand. He knows that. A surgeon’s scar cuts across his lower back. The fingers on his right hand are so twisted that he can’t tie his shoes. Some days, he feels like surrendering. But his dead mother’s challenge echoes in his soul. So, too, do the voices of those who believed him stupid, incapable of living independently. All his life he’s struggled to prove them wrong. He will not quit. And so Bill Porter rises. stay 是最普通的用语，指长期或短期的停留。 My car stays in the garage most of the week. 我的车子一周大部分时间都停放在车库里。 linger 意思是“逗留、徘徊”，尤指迟迟不愿离开的样子。 She lingered around the door telling the story of what had happened. 她徘徊在门旁，讲述所发生的事情。

8. Article1_W_popwin_linger3 LIFE OF A SALESMAN CF:stay, linger & remain The alarm rings. It’s 5:45. He could linger under the covers, listening to the radio and a weatherman who predicts rain. People would understand. He knows that. A surgeon’s scar cuts across his lower back. The fingers on his right hand are so twisted that he can’t tie his shoes. Some days, he feels like surrendering. But his dead mother’s challenge echoes in his soul. So, too, do the voices of those who believed him stupid, incapable of living independently. All his life he’s struggled to prove them wrong. He will not quit. And so Bill Porter rises. remain 强调维持原来的状态，表示“逗留”时比stay更正式些。 How many days will you remain here? 你准备在此待几天？

9. Article2_W_popwin_dignity He takes the first unsteady steps on a journey to Portland’s streets, the battlefield where he fights alone for his independence and dignity. He’s a door-to-door salesman. Sixty-three years old. And his enemies -- a crippled body that betrays him and a changing world that no longer needs him -- are gaining on him. With trembling hands he assembles his weapons: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat and hat. Image, he believes, is everything. He stops in the entryway, picks up his briefcase and steps outside. A fall wind has kicked up. The weatherman was right. He pulls his raincoat tighter. dignity: n. the quality of being worthy of honor or respect She always acted with great dignity. 如果你错了，就承认。你不会失去尊严，而会赢得尊敬。 If you are wrong, admit it. You won’t lose dignity, but will gain respect. Collocation: possess dignity 有地位（身份） maintain one’s dignity 保持尊严 stand upon one’s dignity 摆架子，逞威风 beneath one’s dignity 有失体面，有伤尊严

10. Article2_W_popwin_cripple He takes the first unsteady steps on a journey to Portland’s streets, the battlefield where he fights alone for his independence and dignity. He’s a door-to-door salesman. Sixty-three years old. And his enemies -- a crippled body that betrays him and a changing world that no longer needs him -- are gaining on him. With trembling hands he assembles his weapons: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat and hat. Image, he believes, is everything. He stops in the entryway, picks up his briefcase and steps outside. A fall wind has kicked up. The weatherman was right. He pulls his raincoat tighter. cripple: vt. 1) cause to become unableto move or walk properly At the beginning of the year 2000 crippled children were on state lists to receive care. 彼得的父亲因中风而跛脚。 Peter’s father was crippled by a stroke. 2) damage or harm (sb./ sth.) seriously His business was crippled by the fire.

11. Article2_W_popwin_betray He takes the first unsteady steps on a journey to Portland’s streets, the battlefield where he fights alone for his independence and dignity. He’s a door-to-door salesman. Sixty-three years old. And his enemies -- a crippled body that betrays him and a changing world that no longer needs him -- are gaining on him. With trembling hands he assembles his weapons: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat and hat. Image, he believes, is everything. He stops in the entryway, picks up his briefcase and steps outside. A fall wind has kicked up. The weatherman was right. He pulls his raincoat tighter. betray: vt. 1) be disloyal or unfaithful to According to the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, greed made Judas betray Jesus to the chief priest for 30 pieces of silver. give away or make known (esp. a secret) 2) He betrayed the secret to his friends. 她的脸色说明她很紧张。 Her face betrayed her nervousness. NB: 叛徒可用betrayer表示。betray的名词是betrayal。

12. Article2_W_popwin_gain on He takes the first unsteady steps on a journey to Portland’s streets, the battlefield where he fights alone for his independence and dignity. He’s a door-to-door salesman. Sixty-three years old. And his enemies -- a crippled body that betrays him and a changing world that no longer needs him -- are gaining on him. With trembling hands he assembles his weapons: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat and hat. Image, he believes, is everything. He stops in the entryway, picks up his briefcase and steps outside. A fall wind has kicked up. The weatherman was right. He pulls his raincoat tighter. gain on: come closer to (esp. a rival or sth. pursued) She was gaining on her opponents throughout the race, but only overtook them at the end. Hurry up! They are gaining on us. NB: 此处的on可用upon代替。

13. Article2_W_popwin_kick up He takes the first unsteady steps on a journey to Portland’s streets, the battlefield where he fights alone for his independence and dignity. He’s a door-to-door salesman. Sixty-three years old. And his enemies -- a crippled body that betrays him and a changing world that no longer needs him -- are gaining on him. With trembling hands he assembles his weapons: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat and hat. Image, he believes, is everything. He stops in the entryway, picks up his briefcase and steps outside. A fall wind has kicked up. The weatherman was right. He pulls his raincoat tighter. kick up: (cause to) rise The horse kicked up a cloud of dust. Dawn came up and the sea began to kick up. 我知道他不想走，但他不应该为这事大闹。 I know he didn’t want to go but he shouldn’t have kicked up a fuss about it.

14. Article2_W_popwin_tremble 1 He takes the first unsteady steps on a journey to Portland’s streets, the battlefield where he fights alone for his independence and dignity. He’s a door-to-door salesman. Sixty-three years old. And his enemies -- a crippled body that betrays him and a changing world that no longer needs him -- are gaining on him. With trembling hands he assembles his weapons: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat and hat. Image, he believes, is everything. He stops in the entryway, picks up his briefcase and steps outside. A fall wind has kicked up. The weatherman was right. He pulls his raincoat tighter. tremble: vi. shake from cold, fear, weakness, etc. Her hands grew very cold and trembled so that she could hardly hold the flag. The whole house trembled as the train went by. CF: shake, tremble & shiver 这几个词都是动词，都有“震动、颤动”之意。 shake 是最普通的用语。既可用于人，也可用于物。用于人时，一般指由于激动、寒冷、惧怕等引起的全身或局部颤动。也可以表示任何形式的颤动，常含有不规则、突然之意。 His hands shook a little as he wrote. 他写字时手有些发抖。

15. Article2_W_popwin_tremble 2 He takes the first unsteady steps on a journey to Portland’s streets, the battlefield where he fights alone for his independence and dignity. He’s a door-to-door salesman. Sixty-three years old. And his enemies -- a crippled body that betrays him and a changing world that no longer needs him -- are gaining on him. With trembling hands he assembles his weapons: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat and hat. Image, he believes, is everything. He stops in the entryway, picks up his briefcase and steps outside. A fall wind has kicked up. The weatherman was right. He pulls his raincoat tighter. tremble 指人体由于盛怒、恐惧、寒冷或疲劳而引起的无法克制的轻微 迅速的抖动。 Her voice trembled with anger. 她的声音因愤怒而颤抖。 shiver 主要指由于寒冷、恐惧而引起的肌肉的短暂、迅速的颤抖。 She came into the house snow-covered and shivering. 她走进房间，满身是雪，冷得直发抖。

16. Article3_W_popwin_tilt tilt: 1. v. (cause to) move into a sloping position He tilts his hat just so. On the 7:45 bus that stops across the street, he leaves his briefcase next to the driver and finds a seat in the middle of a pack of bored teenagers. The pilot can tilt the helicopter forward, backward, or to either side. The boat instantly tilted, filled and sank. He leans forward, stares toward the driver, sits back, then repeats the process. His nervousness makes him n. a position in which one side of sth. is higher than the other 2. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is renowned for its marked tilt. laugh uncontrollably. The teenagers stare at him. They don’t realize Porter’s afraid someone will steal his briefcase, with the glasses, brochures, order forms and clip-on tie that he needs to survive. 她斜戴着帽子。 She wore her hat at a tilt. Collocation: a tilt to/towards… 向……倾斜 at a tilt 斜着

17. Article3_W_popwin_lean lean: 1. v. (cause to) be in a sloping position; bend He tilts his hat just so. She leaned the desk against the door. On the 7:45 bus that stops across the street, he leaves his briefcase next to the driver and finds a seat in the middle of a pack of bored teenagers. She leaned over the bridge to look at the boats. adj. producing little of value; containing little or no fat 2. He leans forward, stares toward the driver, sits back, then repeats the process. His nervousness makes him 今年是生意上收益差的一年。 This has been a lean year for business. Collocation: laugh uncontrollably. The teenagers stare at him. They don’t realize Porter’s afraid someone will steal his briefcase, with the glasses, brochures, order forms and clip-on tie that he needs to survive. lean on/upon sb. 依赖，依靠 lean toward/towards/to 偏向，倾向于 They are now leaning to our position. 他们现在偏向我们。

18. Article4_S_popwin_His mother .. Porter senses the stares. He looks at the floor. His face reveals nothing. In his heart, though, he knows he should have been like these kids, like everyone on this bus. He’s not angry. But he knows. His mother explained 1. What is the grammatical function of the last part of the sentence, from “a disorder…” to the end? It functions as an appositive(同位语). how the delivery had been difficult, how the doctor had used an instrument that crushed a section of his brain and caused cerebral palsy, a disorder of the nervous system that affects his speech, hands and walk. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 他妈妈解释说生他时难产，医生使用了某种器械，损坏了他大脑的一部分，导致了大脑性麻痹，一种影响他说话，手部活动以及行走的神经系统的紊乱。 Porter came to Portland when he was 13 after his father, a salesman, was transferred here. He attended a school for the disabled and then Lincoln High School, where he was placed in a class for slow kids.

19. Article4_W_popwin_delivery delivery: n. 1) the process of birth He tilts his hat just so. Porter senses the stares. He looks at the floor. Women who do manual work have easy deliveries. His face reveals nothing. In his heart, though, he knows he should have been like these kids, like everyone on this bus. He’s not angry. But he knows. His mother explained the delivering of letters, goods, etc. 2) Federal Express Corporation provide rapid delivery of packages, letters, and other shipments within the United States and worldwide. how the delivery had been difficult, how the doctor had used an instrument that crushed a section of his brain and caused cerebral palsy, a disorder of the nervous system that affects his speech, hands and walk. Collocation: a normal delivery 正常分娩 an easy delivery 顺产 make a delivery 送货 Porter came to Portland when he was 13 after his father, a salesman, was transferred here. He attended a school for the disabled and then Lincoln High School, where he was placed in a class for slow kids. accept/take a delivery 收货 postal delivery 邮递 express delivery 快递

20. Article4_W_popwin_disorder disorder:n. 1) disturbance of the normal working of the body or mind He tilts his hat just so. Porter senses the stares. He looks at the floor. Severe vitamin and mineral deficiencies can lead to mental disorders. His face reveals nothing. In his heart, though, he knows he should have been like these kids, like everyone on this bus. He’s not angry. But he knows. His mother explained lack of order 2) how the delivery had been difficult, how the doctor had used an instrument that crushed a section of his brain and caused cerebral palsy, a disorder of the nervous system that affects his speech, hands and walk. The school authorities took immediate action to stop disorder. 这房子里乱七八糟。 The house was in a state of disorder. Porter came to Portland when he was 13 after his father, a salesman, was transferred here. He attended a school for the disabled and then Lincoln High School, where he was placed in a class for slow kids.

21. Article4_W_popwin_transfer transfer: 1. vt. move from one place to another He tilts his hat just so. Porter senses the stares. He looks at the floor. David Beckham was transferred from Manchester United to Real Madrid for 35 million Euros. His face reveals nothing. In his heart, though, he knows he should have been like these kids, like everyone on this bus. He’s not angry. But he knows. His mother explained Transferring Peter from Tokyo to the Boston office was a smart idea. how the delivery had been difficult, how the doctor had used an instrument that crushed a section of his brain and caused cerebral palsy, a disorder of the nervous system that affects his speech, hands and walk. 把彼特从东京调往波士顿的办事处是个绝好的主意。 n. the act of transferring 2. He wants a transfer to another team. Porter came to Portland when he was 13 after his father, a salesman, was transferred here. He attended a school for the disabled and then Lincoln High School, where he was placed in a class for slow kids.

22. Article5_W_popwin_limitation limitation: n. lack of ability He tilts his hat just so. Acupuncture is good for some medical conditions but it has its limitations. But he wasn’t slow. But he wasn’t slow. His mind was trapped in a body that didn’t work. Speaking was difficult and took time. People were impatient and didn’t listen. He felt different -- was different -- from the kids who rushed about in the halls and planned dances he would never attend. Collocation: 加限制于…… put limitations on financial limitations 财政限制 What could his future be? Porter wanted to do something and limitations on imports 对进口的限制 and his mother was certain that he could rise above his limitations. With her encouragement, he applied for a job with the Fuller Brush Co. only to be turned down. He couldn’t carry a product briefcase or walk a route, they said. within certain limitations 在一定范围内

23. Article5_W_popwin_apply for apply for: make a formal request for He tilts his hat just so. But he wasn’t slow. But he wasn’t slow. According to the school regulations students will have to apply for permission to study abroad. His mind was trapped in a body that didn’t work. Speaking was difficult and took time. People were impatient and didn’t listen. He felt different -- was different -- from the kids who rushed about in the halls and planned dances he would never attend. I had applied for five jobs before I was offered this one. What could his future be? Porter wanted to do something and and his mother was certain that he could rise above his limitations. With her encouragement, he applied for a job with the Fuller Brush Co. only to be turned down. He couldn’t carry a product briefcase or walk a route, they said.

24. Article6_W_popwin_pledge 1 Porter knew he wanted to be a salesman. He began reading help wanted ads in the newspaper. When he saw one for Watkins, a company that sold household products door-to-door, his mother set up a meeting with a representative. The man said no, but Porter wouldn’t listen. He just wanted a chance. The man gave in and offered Porter a section of the city that no salesman wanted. It took Porter four false starts before he found the courage to ring the first doorbell. The man who answered told him to go away, a pattern repeated throughout the day. That night Porter read through company literature and discovered the products were guaranteed. He would sell that pledge. He just needed people to listen. pledge: 1. n. a solemn promise 我发誓保密后才被告知此事。 I was told about it under a pledge of secrecy. She made a pledge to contribute fifty pounds. 2. vt. make a solemn promise or agreement They have pledged not to dump hazardous wastes into the river. They have pledged that they will always remain faithful.

25. Article6_W_popwin_pledge 2 Porter knew he wanted to be a salesman. He began reading help wanted ads in the newspaper. When he saw one for Watkins, a company that sold household products door-to-door, his mother set up a meeting with a representative. The man said no, but Porter wouldn’t listen. He just wanted a chance. The man gave in and offered Porter a section of the city that no salesman wanted. It took Porter four false starts before he found the courage to ring the first doorbell. The man who answered told him to go away, a pattern repeated throughout the day. That night Porter read through company literature and discovered the products were guaranteed. He would sell that pledge. He just needed people to listen. CF: assure, convince, guarantee & pledge 这几个词都可用作动词，都有“使相信”之意。 assure意思是“使相信、使确信（某事一定会发生）” 。 Mom assured us that everything would be all right. 妈妈让我们相信一切都会好起来的。 convince 意思是“使信服”。 I managed to convince them that the story was true. 我设法让他们相信这个故事是真的。 guarantee 意思是“保证、担保”。 The authorities could not guarantee the safety of the observers. 官方不能够担保观察员的安全。

26. Article6_W_popwin_pledge 3 Porter knew he wanted to be a salesman. He began reading help wanted ads in the newspaper. When he saw one for Watkins, a company that sold household products door-to-door, his mother set up a meeting with a representative. The man said no, but Porter wouldn’t listen. He just wanted a chance. The man gave in and offered Porter a section of the city that no salesman wanted. It took Porter four false starts before he found the courage to ring the first doorbell. The man who answered told him to go away, a pattern repeated throughout the day. That night Porter read through company literature and discovered the products were guaranteed. He would sell that pledge. He just needed people to listen. pledge意思是“公开保证”。 The government pledged to make no deals with terrorists. 政府保证不与恐怖分子做交易。 Collocation: make/take a pledge 宣誓 give sb. one’s pledge 对某人发誓 honor one’s pledge 恪守誓言 carry out/redeem one’s pledge 履行誓言 break/violate one’s pledge 违背誓言

27. Article7_W_popwin_strain 1 If a customer turned him down, Porter kept coming back until they heard him. And he sold. For several years he was Watkins’ top retail salesman. Now he is the only one of the company’s 44,000 salespeople who sells door-to-door. The bus stops in the Transit Mall, and Porter gets off. His body is not made for walking. Each step strains his joints. Headaches are constant visitors. His right arm is nearly useless. He can’t fully control the limb. His body tilts at the waist; he seems to be heading into a strong, steady wind that keeps him off balance. At times, he looks like a toddler taking his first steps. He walks 10 miles a day. • strain: • vt. injure (the body or the part of it) or make it weak by too much effort He strained his back when he removed the piano with his friends. 2. n. a severe demand on mental or physical strength, resources, abilities, etc. (followed by on) 这工作给他很大压力。 The work put a great strain on him. She has been under terrible strain since her company was bankrupted.

28. Article7_W_popwin_strain 2 If a customer turned him down, Porter kept coming back until they heard him. And he sold. For several years he was Watkins’ top retail salesman. Now he is the only one of the company’s 44,000 salespeople who sells door-to-door. The bus stops in the Transit Mall, and Porter gets off. His body is not made for walking. Each step strains his joints. Headaches are constant visitors. His right arm is nearly useless. He can’t fully control the limb. His body tilts at the waist; he seems to be heading into a strong, steady wind that keeps him off balance. At times, he looks like a toddler taking his first steps. He walks 10 miles a day. Collocation: impose/place/put a strain on 使……受到压力 stand the strain 忍受压力 relieve the strain 使紧张状态松弛 a mental strain 精神状态紧张 背扭伤 back strain under the strain 处于紧张状态

29. Article8_W_popwin_territory territory: n. land a country controls or owns His first stop today, like every day, is a shoeshine stand where employees tie his laces. Twice a week he pays for a shine. At a nearby hotel one of the doormen buttons Porter’s top shirt button and slips on his clip-on tie. He then walks to another bus that drops him off a mile from his territory. A country’s embassy in a foreign country is considered its own territory. Collocation: occupy territory 占领领土 unexplored territory 未勘探的地区 cede territory 割让领土 territory强调（国家的）领土的范围，或人或动物等拥有的不容入侵的领域、地盘。 NB: He left home nearly three hours ago. The birds sang to warn other birds off their territory. The wind is cold and raindrops fall. Porter stops at the first house. This is the moment he’s been preparing for since 5:45 a.m. He rings the bell. 那群鸟唧唧喳喳地叫着警告外来的鸟不可侵入它们的地盘。

30. Article12_W_popwin_register register: v. 1) be recognized or noted mentally Spices? “No.” Jams? “No. Maybe nothing today, Bill.” Porter’s hearing is the one perfect thing his body does. Except when he gets a live one. Then the word “no” does not register. Pepper? “No.” Laundry soap? “Hmm.” Porter stops. He smells blood. He quickly remembers her last order. The professor’s name didn’t register with the students. 2) record a name, an event, etc. for official purposes 他没登记成为选民。 He was not registered as a voter. How many registered in the course?

31. Article13_W_popwin_profitable profitable: adj. bringing profit or advantage “Say, aren’t you about out of soap? That’s what you bought last time. You ought to be out right about now.” “You’re right, Bill. I’ll take one.” Based in New York City, Random House owns many of the most prestigious and profitable book publishing companies in the United States. He arrives home, in a rainstorm, after 7 p.m. Today was not profitable. He tells himself not to worry. Four days left in the week. I didn’t find the talk very profitable. On the contrary, I thought it was nonsense. At least he’s off his feet and home. Inside, an era is preserved. The telephone is a heavy, rotary model. There is no VCR, no cable. His is the only house in the neighborhood with a television antenna on the roof.

32. Article14_W_popwin_commission He leads a solitary life. Most of his human contact comes on the job. Now, he heats the oven and slips in a frozen dinner because it’s easy to fix. The job usually takes him 10 hours. He’s a weary man who knows his days -- no matter what his intentions -- are numbered. He works on straight commission. He gets no paid holidays, vacations or raises. Yes, some months are lean. In 1993, he needed back surgery to relieve pain caused from decades of walking. He was laid up for five months and couldn’t work. He was forced to sell his house. The new owners, familiar with his situation, froze his rent and agreed to let him live there until he dies. commission: n. money paid to sb. for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods sold If a salesperson is paid on commission, the amount they receive depends on the amount they sell.

33. Article16_W_popwin_go off From his easy chair he hears the wind lash his house and the rain pound the street outside his home. He must dress warmly tomorrow. He’s sleepy. With great care he climbs the stairs to his bedroom. go off: (of electric power, a light, etc.) stop functioning or operating 暖气发生了故障，昨晚我没睡好。 In time, the lights go off. Morning will be here soon. I didn’t sleep well last night as all the heating went off.

34. Article14_W_popwin_be laid up with He leads a solitary life. Most of his human contact comes on the job. Now, he heats the oven and slips in a frozen dinner because it’s easy to fix. The job usually takes him 10 hours. He’s a weary man who knows his days -- no matter what his intentions -- are numbered. He works on straight commission. He gets no paid holidays, vacations or raises. Yes, some months are lean. In 1993, he needed back surgery to relieve pain caused from decades of walking. He was laid up for five months and couldn’t work. He was forced to sell his house. The new owners, familiar with his situation, froze his rent and agreed to let him live there until he dies. be laid up: have to stay in bed because you are ill, injured, etc. I was laid up for five days with a cold. The football player was laid up with a twisted knee.