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THE BODY’S DEFENSE AGAINST DISEASE

Discover the body's defense mechanisms against microorganisms and learn about the first, second, and third lines of defense. Explore the immune response, vaccines, antibiotics, pasteurization, and prevention strategies. Stay informed and protect your health effectively.

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THE BODY’S DEFENSE AGAINST DISEASE

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  1. THE BODY’S DEFENSE AGAINST DISEASE

  2. Microorganisms are everywhere in our environment, on and in our bodies. In most cases they do us no harm. Under normal conditions, our bodies house entire populations of microorganisms, kept in balance and harmless. These microorganisms are essential and help protect our body.

  3. First Line of Defense • BARRIERS • physical • Skin • Mucous membranes/mucus • Hair (eyelashes, blinking) • Cilia • Urine • Defecation • vomiting

  4. First Line of Defense • BARRIERS • Chemical • Gastric juices • Saliva • Acidity • Sebum • Lysozyme: enzyme in tears, sweat, and saliva

  5. Second Line of Defense: • White blood cells (leucocytes): circulate through body and inhibit & destroy pathogens before they do harm • Inflammatory response: Inflammation (blood vessels near site expand) • Pain, redness and swelling, pus • Fever • The inflammatory response shows that your body is attacking pathogens

  6. Third Line of Defense: The Immune Response • Antigen: any substance that can trigger an immune response (pathogens, environmental chemicals, pollen, foreign tissue) T cells: destroy microbes Memory B cells: remember the mirobes • Antibodies: neutralize pathogens Antigen proteins trigger the production of antibodies which neutralizes the pathogen.

  7. Third Line of Defense: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/11883-viruses-vaccines-video.htm • Active Immunity • Vaccination - the body creates antibodies in response to dead or weakened viruses injected or taken orally • Passive Immunity • Through pregnancy or nursing

  8. Vaccines • Edward Jenner (1796) credited with discovery of vaccines with a small pox vaccine. • Eradication of small pox in the 1960’s – 1970’s. • 1927 Tetanus vaccine • 1962 Polio vaccine, 1994 America declared polio free. • 1981 Hepatitis B vaccine • Vaccines are often grown in eggs

  9. Antibiotics • Alexander Fleming's discovery of Penicillin in 1928 • He was sorting through a number of glass plates that had previously been coated with staphylococci bacteria and noticed a mould that had killed some of the bacteria.

  10. Pasteurization • The process was named after its creator, French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur. - first pasteurization test in 1864 • The process of heating a beverage or other food, (milk or beer) to a specific temperature for a specific period of time in order to kill microorganisms that could cause disease, spoilage, or undesired fermentation

  11. PREVENTION • WASH YOUR HANDS FREQUENTLY • Eat a healthy • Stay hydrated • Reduce your stress levels - relax • Exercise • Try to avoid close contact with sick people • Get enough sleep • Don’t share personal items • Cover your mouth • Be on guard outdoors • GET VACCINATED

  12. The Immune System Made up of mostly the…. • Endocrine system: glans and hormones • Lymphatic system: capillaries, vessels, and nodes

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