Hormones

1. Hormones Chemical messengers in the body Epinephrine (adrenaline) Thyroxin Insulin Sex hormones

2. Adrenaline • Produced in the adrenalglands • Exitement, flight, fight • Causes dilatation of pupils and airways, increasesheartbeat and release of glucose Amphetamine

3. Thyroxin • Produced in thyroidglands • Regulates metabolism • Lowlevelscauseshypothyroidism-lethargy, sensitivity to cold, dry skin • High levels cause hyperthyroidism-anxiety, weight loss, intolerance to heat, proptudingeyes

4. Insulin • Formed in the pancreas • Regulatesblood sugar level • Inability to produce insulin- diabetes • Lowlevels-hyperglycemia, thirst, weight loss, lethargy, coma • High levels-hypoglycemia, dizziness, fainting

5. Male sex hormones Androsterone Cholesterol Testosterone Produced in testes Anabolic- encouragetissue and bonegrowth Androgenic- confer the sexual characteristics

6. Female sex hormones Oestradiol Cholesterol Progesterone Produced in the ovaries Responsible for sexual development, menstrual and productivecycles

7. Menstrualcycle LH-luteinizinghormone, lutropin FSH-folliclestimulatinghormone http://www.bioclix.org/default.asp?pg=251&seq=3

8. Oral contraceptives • Combination; oestrogen + progesterone – inhibits the release of LH and FSH- no ovulation • Progesteroneonly- prevent the implantation of the egg, make the mucus in the cervix impenetrable

9. LH and FSH- glycopeptides NH2 – Ala – Pro – Asp – Val – Gln – Asp – Cys – Pro – Glu – Cys – Thr – Leu – Gln – Glu – Asn – Pro – Phe – Phe – Ser – Gln – Pro – Gly – Ala – Pro – Ile – Leu – Gln – Cys – Met – Gly – Cys – Cys – Phe – Ser – Arg – Ala – Tyr – Pro – Thr – Pro – Leu – Arg – Ser – Lys – Lys – Thr – Met – Leu – Val – Gln – Lys – Asn – Val – Thr – Ser – Glu – Ser – Thr – Cys – Cys – Val – Ala – Lys – Ser – Tyr – Asn – Arg – Val – Thr – Val – Met – Gly – Gly – Phe – Lys – Val – Glu – Asn – His – Thr – Ala – Cys – His – Cys – Ser – Thr – Cys – Tyr – Tyr – His – Lys – Ser – OH Oestrogen and progesterone