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Fibres

Fibres. All fabrics are made from tiny hair like structures called fibres. They are either staple(short) or Filament (long ) fibres. There are three main groups of fibres Animal like wool, silk, alpaca Plants like cotton, linen.

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Fibres

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  1. Fibres • All fabrics are made from tiny hair like structures called fibres. They are either staple(short) or Filament (long ) fibres. • There are three main groups of fibres • Animal like wool, silk, alpaca • Plants like cotton, linen. • Synthetic fibres are man-made from the by products of oil. Like acrylic. • Regenerated fibres are made from a combination of chemicals and cellulose waste . Like viscose, modal

  2. Yarns • Individual fibres are weak but if you put them together and make a yarn they become much stronger. • Yarns are made by spinning and twisting fibres together. • The worsted system produces smooth yarn • Whilst the woollen spinning system produces a more hairy yarn.

  3. Yarns • Fibres can be spun in one of two ways. • S twist-anticlockwise • Z twist-clock wise. • These long lengths are wound onto spools or cones. • There are many different types of yarn including spun, folded, plied, complex and fancy. • Bulk yarns are heavier and chunkier and are often used for hats scarves and sweaters.

  4. Knitted Fabrics • Knitted fabrics are made by forming the yarn into loops. • These loops are elastic and the fabric is therefore stretchy. Further elasticity can be added through elastane. • Knitted fabrics are warm and this can be improved by brushing the fabric as in a fleece.

  5. Types of knit • Weft knits • Have horizontal rows of knitted yarn. • Have horizontal ribs on the wrong side • Have v shaped loops • Have interlocking loops above and below each row. • Examples include polyester fleece fabrics, single jersey like in T shirts. • Warp knits • Have interlocking loops or chain vertically up and down the fabric • Can only be machine made • Are less elastic and tend to be firmer fabric • Keep their shape and don't usually ladder when cut • Include lightweight fabrics like net and lace.

  6. Woven Fabrics • Woven fabrics are constructed from interlocking threads or yarns. They are made on a weaving loom. • Woven fabrics are made up of • Weft yarns which run horizontally • Warp yarns which run vertically • Woven fabrics – • Fray easily • Are strongest along the straight grain of the fabric • Lack elasticity • Are stronger and firmer the closer the weave. • Woven fabrics have a • Selvedge –an edge that will not fray • Bias-a diagonal or cross grain.

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