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China and Imperialism

China and Imperialism. China in 1800. The Qing dynasty was at its height Its borders were relatively secure Politically, China was stable and prospered from the long peaceful rule of Kangxi

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China and Imperialism

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  1. China and Imperialism

  2. China in 1800 • The Qing dynasty was at its height • Its borders were relatively secure • Politically, China was stable and prospered from the long peaceful rule of Kangxi • The increase in Western influence would be one of the main reasons for the downfall of the Quing dynasty

  3. The Opium War • Opium was illegal in China • The British produced opium in India for sale in China • The operated out of Canton • Chinese officials went into the Canton opium warehouses and destroyed the opium • The British declared war and thus the opium war began and lasted 1839-1842

  4. Results • British military technology destroyed the Chinese antiquated weapons. River forts and coastal batteries were easily destroyed • British gained Hong Kong and the opening of five coastal ports to British goods • Nothing was said about opium but it continued to be sold by the British to the Chinese

  5. Taiping rebellion 1853-1864 • Peasant uprising • Reasons - peasants were growing increasingly poor -corrupt officials -unjust taxation -decline in government services • Factionalism within the rebellion led to its losing momentum • Deaths: 20 million, mainly due to famine and plague

  6. 2nd Opium War • Not happy with the results of the 1st Opium War, the British launched a new series of attacks and took Beijing in 1860 • British gained new concessions: the legalization of opium, more territory in Pearl River Delta, and allowance of British warships to patrol any Chinese river

  7. One Hundred Days - 1898 • A period of time where reformers push major changes to try and save China from collapse • Challenged by conservatives and Empress CIXI

  8. Open Door Policy • Informal agreement (led by the US) to insure among Western nations the economic openness of China • Helped contain the worry of China’s imminent collapse and the loss of its 400 million customers

  9. Boxer Rebellion - 1900 • A secret society that rebelled north of beijing. • They were angry over a damaging drought and high unemployment caused by the foreign economic activity • The boxers attacked foreign residents in Baijing and cities near it. • A foreign expeditionary force of eight nations was sent to stop the rebellion which was quickly crushed

  10. End of old order in China • 1905, a commission was established to study constituional issues • National Assembly was formed in 1910 • These reforms were too little and too late

  11. Democracy in China • The Thomas Jefferson of China was Sun Yat- Sen • Advocated the “three principles” of nationalism, democracy, and people’s livelihood • Process would be a military take-over ending with a constitutional democracy

  12. Collapse • The last emperor could not suppress rebellion in the country-side and his trusted general switched sides to support Sun Yat-sen. • In 1911, Sun became the new President of China with the end of the Qing dynasty and the end of 3,000 years of the dynastic cycle in China

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