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25.3 The War in the Pacific

25.3 The War in the Pacific. Objectives: 1. To identify key turning points in the war in the Pacific 2. Explain the developments and debates concerning the use of the atom bomb. 3. Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting postwar peace.

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25.3 The War in the Pacific

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  1. 25.3 The War in the Pacific • Objectives: • 1. To identify key turning points in the war in the Pacific • 2. Explain the developments and debates concerning the use of the atom bomb. • 3. Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting postwar peace.

  2. Allies Stem the Japanese Tide • Japan is expanding at a rapid pace • Gen. Douglas MacArthur is pushed out of the Philippines • “I shall return” • April 1942, Doolittle air raids Tokyo and other cities • “Tokyo bombed Doolittle do’ed it” • Japanese realize they aren’t invincible • Allies finally stop the Japanese advance at Battle of Coral Sea • First naval battle fought almost exclusively by carrier based planes

  3. Batan Death March

  4. Battle of Midway • June 1942, Admiral Chester Nimitz found out that 110 Japanese ships were moving toward Midway, then Hawaii • Americans surprised the Japanese and scored a HUGE victory • 322 planes, four AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, and a cruiser destroyed • Americans “avenged Pearl Harbor”

  5. Island Hopping What is it? Why did America do it?

  6. Americans gain in pacific • Americans score a victory at Guadalcanal  • Then they regain the Philippines after Battle of Leyte Gulf • “People of the Philippines: I have returned” • Japanese test out their Kamikaze method

  7. Iwo Jima and Okinawa

  8. Iwo Jima and Okinawa • Iwo Jima • 6,000 marines killed • 20,500 Japanese killed • Okinawa • 1,900 Kamikaze attacks • 7,600 Americans killed • 110,000 Japanese killed Americans did not want to invade Japan….why not??

  9. Iwo Jima

  10. Inside the Battle of Okinawa

  11. TUNNELS OF OKINAWA • What were the benefits of fighting in the tunnel? • How did Okinawa effect the American war plans for mainland Japan?

  12. The Manhattan Project • Best kept secret of the war • Creation of an atomic bomb • Truman didn’t even know about it! • J. Robert Oppenheimer lead the research in New Mexico • Tested in N. Mexico, could see flash from 180 miles away!

  13. Hiroshima and nagasaki • Should they use the bomb? • Drop it on an empty island? • Reasons to use it: • 1. Nothing less than dropping it on a city would convince them • 2. The test might be a dud • 3. Might shoot down the delivery plane or move American POWs to the island • USA warned Japanese of “prompt and utter destruction”. • August 6 – dropped on Hiroshima- “Little Boy” • August 9 – dropped on Nagasaki “Fat Man” • Approximately 200,000 people killed from the blasts • “I cannot bear to see my innocent people suffer any longer” • - Emperor Hirohito • Sept. 2 – Japanese surrender aboard the Missouri

  14. hiroshima

  15. nagasaki “ They say temperatures of 7,000 degrees centigrade hit me…Nobody there looked like human beings…Humans had lost the ability to speak. People couldn’t scream, “It hurts!” even when they were on fire. People with their legs wrenched off. Without heads. Or with faces burned and swollen out of shape. The scene I saw was a living hell.” - Yamaoko Michiko

  16. Yalta Conference • Feb. 1945 • Big 3 meet in Yalta, USSR • USSR joins fight against Japan, promises free elections • Discuss ideas for a new international peacekeeping body

  17. New World Order (?) • Nuremburg Trials: 1945 • Trial of Nazi and German Military Leaders • Foundations of International Human Rights • Division of Germany among “Big Four” • US, UK, USSR, and France • East and West Germany • Military Administration of Germany and Japan • Gen. MacArthur runs Japan, writes democratic constitution

  18. TERMS • Douglas MacArthur • Chester Nimitz • Kamikaze • Manhattan Project • J. Robert Oppenheimer • Hiroshima • Nagasaki • Yalta Conference • United Nations (U.N.) • Nuremberg Trials • Objectives: • 1. To identify key turning points in the war in the Pacific • 2. Explain the developments and debates concerning the use of the atom bomb. • 3. Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting postwar peace.

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