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Government

Government. Sixth Grade Social Studies. Compare & Contrast Various Forms of Government. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary , confederation , and federal. SS6 - CG1a, CG4a, CG6a. Ways Government Distributes Power. Unitary.

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Government

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  1. Government Sixth Grade Social Studies

  2. Compare & Contrast Various Forms of Government Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal SS6 - CG1a, CG4a, CG6a

  3. Ways Government Distributes Power Unitary Gives all the power to one central government/authority. • Central government has final authority over all decisions. • Unitary central governments are stronger than federal central governments - why? • Many countries have unitary governments, including: Great Britain, France, Italy, Cuba and Bolivia

  4. Unitary Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

  5. Ways Government Distributes Power Confederation Voluntary association of independent states/countries • Often only delegate (give) a few powers to the central authority • Secure some common purpose – but each unit has final control of its own laws/citizens • Agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action • States retain considerable independence • Less binding than a federation • Why can a confederation be unstable? • Because members often want to do things their own way!

  6. Confederation Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

  7. List of Confederations • Iroquois Confederacy (1090–present) • European Union and OPEC • Historic confederations • United States of America under the Articles of Confederation (1781–1789) • Confederate States of America, (1861–1865)

  8. Ways Government Distributes Power Federal (Federation) Power is divided between one central government and the government of smaller political units like states. • Most federal systems give a lot of power to lower governments to handle local affairs • The central government handles issues that concern the entire country (armed forces, negotiating treaties, etc) • Countries with a federal government include the United States, Canada, Australia, Mexico, Venezuela and Brazil

  9. Federation / Federal Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

  10. Review!Match each phrase to the correct government system –each system will have two phrases • Unitary System • Confederation • Federal System • France is an example • Loose alliance • Political units control their own laws • Central govt divides power • Central govt has all power • United States is an example France is an example E. Central govt has all power B. Loose alliance C. Political units control their own laws D. Central govt divides power F. United States is an example

  11. Sample Test Question In Mexico’s government, power is divided between central and regional authorities. This is an example of which government type? A. Unitary B. Confederation C. Federal D. Parliamentary Corresponds to SS6- CG1a, CG4a, CG6a

  12. Sample Test Question - Answer In Mexico’s government, power is divided between central and regional authorities. This is an example of which government type? A. Unitary B. Confederation C. Federal* D. Parliamentary Corresponds to SS6- CG1a, CG4a, CG6a

  13. Compare & Contrast Various Forms of Government Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic. SS6 - CG1b, CG4b, CG6b

  14. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation High Participation High Participation Democracy General Citizens’ Participation Select Citizens’ Participation Citizen Participation Government Power Government Power Citizen Participation Government Power Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Autocratic Oligarchic

  15. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation Autocracy One leader holds complete power – citizens have limited, if any, role in government • Oldest form of government • An autocracy is the opposite of a democracy • Maintain power through inheritance or ruthless use of the military and police power • Examples – • Dictatorship (Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin) • Absolute Monarchy (king/queen/emperor…King of Saudi Arabia)

  16. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation Oligarchy Government by the few - control rests with a small group of people with power • The group gets its power from military power, social power, wealth, religion or a combination • Citizen has a limited role. • Example: apartheid system in South Africa, where a small group of whites held power over the black majority from 1948 to 1994 and Communist China where leaders in the communist party and armed forces control the government

  17. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation Autocracy & Oligarchy • Sometimes they claim they rule for the people • In reality, the people have very little say in both types of government: • Example: May hold elections with only one candidate or control the results in various ways • Example: Even when these governments have a legislature or national assembly, they often only approve decisions made by the leaders

  18. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation Democracy The people hold supreme power • Usually, people exercise their power by electing officials (voting!!)to represent them • All citizens have equal rights to participate in government regardless of their position or wealth • Examples: The United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Great Britain

  19. Review!!Read the statements by political leaders below. Write A if they head an autocratic government, O if they head an oligarchy and D if they head a democracy. • “I am proud to serve as president of a country where everyone has equal rights.” • “My wealth and position will keep me in power in this society.” • “I will imprison anyone who criticizes my government. I am in total control.” • “There is no reason to explain our position to the people. We are in control here.” • “Where can I register to vote for the presidential election?”

  20. Review!!Read the statements by political leaders below. Write A if they head an autocratic government, O if they head an oligarchy and D if they head a democracy. • “I am proud to serve as president of a country where everyone has equal rights.” D • “My wealth and position will keep me in power in this society.” A • “I will imprison anyone who criticizes my government. I am in total control.” A • “There is no reason to explain our position to the people. We are in control here.” O • “Where can I register to vote for the presidential election?” D

  21. Sample Test Question What is a basic way citizens of a democratic nation can influence the government? A. voting B. working C. obeying laws D. consuming goods SS6- CG1b, CG4b, CG6b

  22. Sample Test Question - Answer What is a basic way citizens of a democratic nation can influence the government? A. voting* B. working C. obeying laws D. consuming goods SS6- CG1b, CG4b, CG6b

  23. Compare & Contrast Various Forms of Government Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: Parliamentary & Presidential The main difference between the two main forms of democracy is the relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government. SS6 - CG1c, CG4c, CG6c

  24. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic government: parliamentary and presidential Parliamentary Democracy The Legislature (Parliament) controls the power. • The majority party in the legislature forms a government headed by a prime minister, who is chosen by the legislature. • The prime minister and his cabinet are members of the legislature, and the prime minister answers to the legislature (fusion of powers). • The govt will stay in office for a specified period unless the prime minister loses support of the majority in the legislature on an important vote. If that happens, the prime minister must resign and elections are held immediately. • Examples: Canada, Great Britain, Australia

  25. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic government: parliamentary and presidential Presidential Democracy The President is constitutionally independent of the legislature. • The executive and legislative branches are separate bodies elected independently by the citizens (separation of powers). • There are checks and balances where each branch can overrule the other. • The president answers to the voters, not to the legislature. • The people elect the president and elections are held at set intervals. • Examples: The United States, Brazil and Mexico

  26. ReviewPlace check marks next to the items that fit each government system. Parliamentary Presidential • Legislature controls power • Separation of powers • Prime minister • President • Leader answers to people • Leader answers to legislature • Checks and balances • Elections are held if leader forced to resign • Leader elected by the people • Legislature controls power • Separation of powers • Prime minister • President • Leader answers to people • Leader answers to legislature • Checks and balances • Elections are held if leader forced to resign • Leader elected by the people

  27. Sample Test Question In which system of government does the legislature elect the executive leader of the government? A. democratic B. communist C. parliamentary D. totalitarian SS6- CG1c, CG4c, CG6c

  28. Sample Test Question - Answer In which system of government does the legislature elect the executive leader of the government? A. democratic B. communist C. parliamentary* D. totalitarian SS6- CG1c, CG4c, CG6c

  29. Sample Test Question Which statement about Great Britain's parliamentary system of government today is true? A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life. B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate. C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties. D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters. SS6- CG1c, CG4c, CG6c

  30. Sample Test Question - Answer Which statement about Great Britain's parliamentary system of government today is true? A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life. B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate. C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties. D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.* SS6- CG1c, CG4c, CG6c

  31. Sample Test Question In most democratic countries, the government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. In Canada, the legislative branch is the A. Parliament B. prime minister C. Supreme Court D. governor general SS6- CG1b, CG4b, CG6b

  32. Sample Test Question - Answer In most democratic countries, the government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. In Canada, the legislative branch is the A. Parliament* B. prime minister C. Supreme Court D. governor general SS6- CG1b, CG4b, CG6b

  33. Compare & Contrast Various Forms of Government Compare the federal-republican systems of Brazil and Mexico to the dictatorship of the Cuba, distinguishing the form of leadership and the role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms. SS6CG2

  34. Brazil – Federal Republic • Federal = Government divides power between the national (federal) and local (state) governments • Republic = Decisions are made by elected officials who represent the people • Brazil’s leader is a president elected by the citizens • President serves a 4 year term • Voting is mandatory for citizens between 18 and 70 who can read • Brazil’s citizens enjoy personal freedoms like freedom of speech and freedom of assembly

  35. Mexico – Federal Republic • Federal = Government divides power between the national (federal) and local (state) governments • Republic = Decisions are made by elected officials who represent the people • Mexico’s leader is a president elected by the citizens • President serves a 6 year term and has more power than the other branches of government • Mexico’s citizens enjoy personal freedoms like freedom of speech and freedom of assembly

  36. Cuba – Communist Dictatorship • Communist = The government plans and controls the economy and a single party (the communist party) holds power • Dictatorship = A ruler or small group have all the power • Cuba has a president, but he is a dictator with absolute authority who was not originally elected by the Cuban citizens – he seized power in 1959

  37. Cuba – Communist Dictatorship • Cuba’s president controls all aspects of Cuban life through the Communist Party and the people he chooses to put in govt positions. • Cuba’s citizens can “vote” BUT they can only vote for candidates selected by the only political party, the Communist Party. • Cuban citizens do NOT have personal freedoms like freedom of speech. • Cuba does not have free trade or enterprise.

  38. Review!!Answer TRUE or FALSE for each question: • Brazil’s government leader is an elected president. • Mexico’s leader is a prime minister. • Cuba’s leader is a dictator who seized power. • In Brazil, you don’t have to vote if you don’t want to. • Citizens have freedom of speech in Mexico and Brazil. • There are many political parties in Cuba. • Cuba has “free elections” where anyone can run for office. • You can say anything you want about the government in Cuba. TRUE! FALSE! TRUE! FALSE! TRUE! FALSE! FALSE! FALSE!

  39. Sample Test Question Which term describes how political power is distributed in Brazil? A. aristocratic B. confederation C. federal D. unitary SS6CG2

  40. Sample Test Question - Answer Which term describes how political power is distributed in Brazil? A. aristocratic B. confederation C. federal* D. unitary SS6CG2

  41. Sample Test Question What type of government does Mexico currently have? A. communist B. monarchy C. parliamentary democracy D. Presidential democracy SS6CG2

  42. Sample Test Question - Answer What type of government does Mexico currently have? A. communist B. monarchy C. parliamentary democracy D. presidential democracy* SS6CG2

  43. Sample Test Question What statement about political parties is true about Cuba? A. There are many political parties. B. There is only one legal political party. C. The leader of the political party cannot be president. D. Those running for office many not be in the Communist Party. SS6CG2

  44. Sample Test Question - Answer What statement about political parties is true about Cuba? A. There are many political parties. B. There is only one legal political party.* C. The leader of the political party cannot be president. D. Those running for office many not be in the Communist Party. SS6CG2

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