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Citrus Health Response Program Update

Citrus Health Response Program Update. Richard Gaskalla, Director Division of Plant Industry. Citrus Canker Program History. 1995 found again near Miami Int’l Airport 1995-1998 trees w/in 125’ of infected trees removed – canker still spreading

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Citrus Health Response Program Update

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  1. Citrus Health Response ProgramUpdate Richard Gaskalla, Director Division of Plant Industry

  2. Citrus Canker Program History • 1995 found again near Miami Int’l Airport • 1995-1998 trees w/in 125’ of infected trees removed – canker still spreading • 1999 epidemiological study concluded that trees w/in 1900’ need to be removed for eradication to be 97% successful (w/normal weather patterns) • 2000, 1900’ law enacted

  3. Citrus Canker Program History (cont’d) • Nov 2000 – Feb 2004 court injunctions hindered program: 200,000 additional trees infected • Feb 2004, FL Supreme Court ruled in favor of program and full scale eradication efforts resume • Hurricanes of 2004/2005 spread canker to over 80,000 acres of commercial citrus

  4. Citrus Canker Program History (cont’d) • Nov/Dec 2005, USDA scientists estimate canker could impact up to 220,000 acres of commercial citrus due to impact of Hurricane Wilma • January 2006, USDA deems eradication unfeasible and withdraws funding for eradication – continue to support other program activities

  5. Citrus Canker Exposure Map nCommercial finds after 1/01/06 nCommercial finds prior to 1/01/06 • Commercial citrus groves Once eradication program stopped, canker spread rapidly in commercial groves

  6. Huanglongbing/GreeningAnother Hit to the Citrus Industry • Bacterial disease spread by Asian citrus psyllid (identified in Florida 1998) • Greening found August 2005 during cooperative survey • Kills infected trees • Scientists agree eradication not feasible due to latency of disease • Long-term management logical approach • 30 counties positive Misshapen fruit Asian citrus psyllid Leaf mottle

  7. Citrus Health Response Program Developed in 2006 w/FDACS, USDA and industry to help mitigate impact of citrus diseases

  8. CHRP Goals • Determine best strategies for ensuring a healthy citrus industry into the future • Work cooperatively with gov’t agencies, research institutions, and industry to build effective management program • Develop secure citrus germplasm and citrus nursery program • Work toward effective disease/disease-vector management program for groves • Provide defendable phytosanitary protocol that allows fresh fruit movement to all markets

  9. CHRP In Action • Trips to Brazil, Argentina, South Africa, China, and Vietnam were taken to determine what others are doing to control citrus diseases • Frequent surveys necessary to determine disease/insect prevalence • Disease/vector control measures must be implemented • UF/IFAS disease/vector control management strategies developed and made available

  10. CHRP In Action • Group formed to discuss level of regulatory oversight necessary at production level • Still uncertain about what management practices will work best • One disease management strategy “does not fit all” • Need for ongoing exchange of information and educational outreach • Program elements are proposed to address these issues

  11. CHRP in ActionCitrus Nursery Certification Program • Location: sites must be a minimum of one mile from commercial groves • Structure: approved structure must have enclosed sides and tops and positive process double-door entries • Sanitation: all plant material and soil must be removed from equipment before entering/exiting nursery • Decontamination: everyone who enters nursery must decontaminate with approved products

  12. CHRP In Action • Survey Activities • Multiple Pest Survey • Export Surveys • Nursery Environs Survey • Regulatory Activities • Compliance agreements (CA) required • Grower/caretaker CA requires attachment of business plan • Outlines decontamination, survey and disease management

  13. 07-08 Fruit Harvest SeasonPurpose of CA and Business Plans • CA’s viewed as informational/educational • Compliance monitoring is instructional, no penalties • FDACS/DPI works closely with UF/IFAS to assist growers with business plans • Examples of business plans are available • Regional workshops have been held to cover important information on disease detection and control

  14. 07-08 Fruit Harvest SeasonKey Priorities • Completed construction of FDACS-DPI citrus budwood-protection facilities in Levy County; move foundation citrus budwood stock into these facilities • Continued planning of redundant budwood facility in Alachua County • Continue to work closely w/Florida citrus industry to transition into insect-protected structures • Inspect and certify citrus nursery stock on 30-day inspection cycle

  15. 07-08 Fruit Harvest SeasonKey Priorities • Conduct training sessions on disease detection and management techniques • Continue to work cooperatively w/UF-IFAS and USDA to develop science-based regulations governing movement of citrus fruit and nursery stock for domestic and int’l marketplace • Provide industry with services that help keep canker and greening to an acceptable economic threshold

  16. 07-08 Shipping SeasonKey Priorities • Growers completed application and submitted to FDACS/DPI by August 1 • Applications indicated shipping intention by grove and by market for fresh fruit • FDACS/USDA began grove surveys in July for the EU, August 1 for U.S., or as required by the receiving market

  17. 07-08 Fresh-Fruit CertificationKey Priorities • Fresh fruit exiting the packing house must be free from visible evidence of canker • Compliance agreements at packing houses will be required and administered by USDA-APHIS • All shipments to US non-citrus producing states must have a limited permit, no shipments are allowed to citrus producing states

  18. 07-08 Shipping Residential CitrusKey Priorities • USDA prohibits the shipment of residential citrus outside the state without a limited permit • Currently nine packing houses will accept residential citrus for certification • Shipping only allowed with limited permit to non-citrus producing states

  19. CHRP Continuing Initiatives • New Finds • Abandoned Groves • Research Efforts • HLB • Canker • Tools for Industry – Interactive Maps

  20. HLB in Polk County:Positivefind near citrus nursery 2 citrus nurseries 7,640 feet positive HLB find

  21. Map of Greening/ CankerInfestationsApril 2008 Citrus groves in green Canker infestations in blue Greening infestations in orange CHRP offices denoted w/

  22. Abandoned/Volunteer Grove Issues • Scope of problem is wide and diverse • Varying degrees of pest and disease risks • Reasons for abandonment • Commercial groves no longer in production due to pest and disease incursions • Freeze damaged groves • Changes in land use • Planted pines with under-story citrus

  23. Abandoned/Volunteer Grove Issues For Sale • To address all categories/areas would require significant funding resources • Risk-based approach might be more practical • Incentives to participate are needed • Legislation and/or rulemaking may be required

  24. Department has developed a robust assay for citrus greening in psyllid vectors Over 1,200 samples of psyllid adults and nymphs collected from various locations in Florida from visually healthy, as well as HBL-symptomatic trees, were analyzed to monitor the incidence and spread of HLB Study suggests that discount garden centers and retail nurseries may have played a significant role in the widespread distribution of psyllids and plants carrying HLB pathogens Spread of HLB may be detected one to several years before the development of HLB symptoms in plants 20% of the psyllids sampled have been positive for HLB Research Efforts A Study of the Detection of HLB in Citrus Psyllids Huanglongbing/Greening

  25. Analysis of psyllids may provide early warning about citrus greening activity Symptoms found nine months after positive psyllids were detected

  26. Research Efforts Citrus Canker FDACS/DPI’s Disease Transmission Experiment • Grapefruit infected with canker placed outdoors in proximity to healthy citrus seedlings • Experiment set up in January 2007 and is ongoing • No sign of disease transmission

  27. Research Efforts Citrus Canker Additional Projects(USDA, IFAS, Int’l Scientists) • Genomics and resistance • Citrus breeding and transformation • Economic analyses • Survival and control experiments • Canker symptoms induction, knowledge-based resistance, and natural resistance potential of citrus

  28. CHRP Inter-active Maps www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi • Features: • General location of • canker and greening • Major roads and TRS • Commercial groves • No multi-blocks • DPI CHRP offices

  29. www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi 8.6 miles • Add’l Inter-Active Map Features: • Allows viewers to plug addresses in to check distances from data points

  30. CHRPWhere do we go from here? CHRP Overview • BMPs • Fruit movement issues • Grower services • 08-09 growing season

  31. Citrus Health Response ProgramWorking together to produce healthy citrus • Whether called recommendations, regulations or guidelines; the intention is to help Florida citrus survive and thrive • CHRP is a cooperative effort w/industry We are here to help

  32. Citrus Health Response ProgramWorking together to produce healthy citrus CHRP Helpline800-282-5153www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi

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