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CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAMING Barry Dalal-Clayton

CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAMING Barry Dalal-Clayton Learning and Leadership Group: Uganda 24-25 July 2012. Outline of presentation. Why do we need EM? What is EM and what does it achieve? Making choices about EM – entry points & tactics The drivers/constraints of EM.

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CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAMING Barry Dalal-Clayton

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  1. CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAMING Barry Dalal-Clayton Learning and Leadership Group: Uganda 24-25 July 2012

  2. Outline of presentation • Why do we need EM? • What is EM and what does it achieve? • Making choices about EM – entry points & tactics • The drivers/constraints of EM

  3. RAPIDLY GROWING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ……

  4. … is breaching ecological limits… Loss of biodiversity Deforestation Soil erosion Pollution Rapid population growth Climate change

  5. MAINSTREAMING ENVIRONMENT NEVER MORE URGENT Arctic sea ice, Sept ‘07

  6. 60% of ecosystems are degraded (MA 2005) • Cost = 11% of GDP UNEP, 2010) • From article in “Nature”, 2009 • Inner blue shading represents the proposed safe operating space for nine planetary systems. • Red wedges represent an estimate of the current position for each variable – 3 exceeded Breaching planetary boundaries

  7. Environmental trends remain negative Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 GEO 4 2007 Human produced N Fisheries collapse – Atlantic Cod Changes in species abundance by region Pollutants – residence in atmosphere Soils with high water erosion risk

  8. Condition of planet? • World is suffering from “Environmental Deficit Disorder” (taking a Gaia (organism health) perspective – James Lovelock) • Foolish environmental devaluation & asset liquidation (taking an economic/business perspective) “The planet will strike back as a result of bad decisions by people” WHO

  9. ENVIRONMENT IS STILL AN EXTERNALITY IN DECISIONS ENVIRONMENT is • Not certain • Not predictable • Not valued • Not priced • Not traded • Not owned • Not scrutinised • Not on the political agenda UK: Top national political concerns Climate change concern

  10. The political economy of environment is weak Envir. and dev‘t institutions separate – different worlds! Finance dominates dev’t – $/day, 0.7% aid, budget support But finance ‘missing’ from environmentin national budgets (c. 1%)? City budgets (10% Quezon) Envir. is treated as technical – but its politics are toxic (Greenpeace) Envir. language confuses – goods/bads? science/values? Envir. stakeholders ‘push’– don’t understand mainstream

  11. Environmentalists – not always listened to ‘Who are the bossiest people on earth?’ • Politicians • Religious leaders • Right-wing newspapers • Environmentalists I’M AN ENVIRONMENTALIST. THINK LIKE ME!

  12. Donors are also demanding EM, and are key drivers • Upstream policy/budget issues and not only projects • Thus donors focus on SEA, ‘country systems’ and climate change integration • Need to move beyond env ‘safeguards’ towards positive ENR use • But ‘mainstreaming’ can be a turn-off word: • too many issues being ‘mainstreamed’ • assumes the mainstream is on the right track • ‘integration’ may be better (as in Spanish, French)

  13. Environmental Mainstreaming is critical for sustainable development and green economy Beware upsetting the fine balance Social Economic Environment Environment

  14. CHALLENGE • Integrating environment into development policy, planning and investment never more urgent, eg • Climate-proofing infrastructure and agriculture • Making industry water-efficient and clean • Tackling environmental deprivations of poor people

  15. ENVIRONMENTAL MAINSTREAMING – A definition “The informed inclusion of relevant environmental concerns into the decisions and institutions that drive national, sectoral, city and local development policy, rules, plans, investment and action” (IIED, 2009)

  16. EM: spectrum of outcomes • Improved awarenessof environment • Improved information baseon environment • Improved participation and voiceon environment • Improved policy, law, plan, strategyon environment • Improved capacity to address environment • Improved budget and financeto tackle environment • Improved environmental conditions • In any country , who are the different actors best placed to promote and help mainstreaming?

  17. Choice of ‘entry point’ Where to build bridges between environment and development worlds? • Govt authorities, or non-govt (business, watchdogs)? • Env authorities, ordevelopment authorities? • Env as a sector, orcross-cut, orone issue e.g. climate? • Existing decision-making (national /city plans), or special (SD strategy)? • Plan, or upstream (economic policy / rights) or downstream (pilot projects)? • National level, or a district, or a sector? • Stop bad practice, orsupport existing good, or innovate?

  18. Choice of tactics for mainstreaming • Language: • Speak ‘economics’ (still the main language of policy discourse) not ‘environmentalese’ • Speak ‘development’ (jobs and growth) not ‘no growth’ • Work with politicians and offer solutions, not speaking at them • Focus: on financial decisions (budget is key) • Present costs, benefits, risks of env integration • Attitude: potentials, not only negative safeguards • ‘Glimpses’ of desirable outcomes, plus enabling conditions • Authority: further strengthen our moral and scientific • Involve poor groups; public opinion surveys; accountability • Offer specific evidence/cases, not only generic

  19. DRIVERS of environmental mainstreaming

  20. MAIN ACTORS • Environmental organisations • As regulatory authorities, service delivery organisations, environmental NGOs, • Civil society groups – representing people especially dependent on the environment • Improve efforts to influence ‘the mainstream’ to integrate environment • Lobbying, case-making, collaboration, providing information • Assert broad vision of Environmental Mainstreaming • Mainstream development organisations • Central, sectoral & cityplanning and finance authorities • Delivery organisations • Corporations • National + local levels • Need to understand how environment affects development interests; + associated costs-benefits-risks + their distribution • How to meet international / national environmental obligations

  21. Mainstreaming approaches • Broad tactics (ways of raising issues and making a case/getting heard, eg campaigns, lobbying) • Promoting/enabling institutional change (strategic level approaches); • Specific (more micro) instruments, technical tools and analytical methods (eg for gathering information, planning and monitoring); • Methods for consultation and engaging stakeholders; and also • Range of more informal, voluntary and indigenous approaches

  22. Looking for tools to help? Stuck? Confused?

  23. Economic & financial assessment CBA, green accounting Impact assessment & strategic analysis EIA, SEA, SoE, Natural Step Spatial assessment LUP, poverty mapping Monitoring & evaluation Indicators, audits, SD reporting Policy analysis Stakeholder, institutional, governance mapping Participation & citizens’ action PLA, citizens’ juries Political analysis & action Discourse-shaping, coalition-forming, manifestos, commissions Conflict management Dispute resolution, arbitration CATEGORISING APPROACHES/TOOLS INFORMATION DELIBERATIVE& ENGAGEMENT PLANNING & ORGANISING • Legal tools • Public interest litigation, rights regime • Visioning • Scenarios • Management planning & control • QMS/EMS, ISO, risk assessment, threshold analysis

  24. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) Cost benefit analysis (CBA) ISO standards********************************** Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) Monitoring (general) Indicators********************************** Land use planning Environmental audits Environmental management system (EMS) Public participation (general) Geographic information system Green/natural resource accounting State of environment report Certification Life cycle analysis Eco-management & audit system (EMAS) Workshops & seminars Public hearing Public consultation Community meetings Community-based NR management Conflict management Multi-stakeholder consultation / processes Risk assessment Media (campaigns) Economic valuation Legal frameworks / guidelines TOP APPROACHES/TOOLS IDENTIFIED BY USERS IN COUNTRY SURVEYS

  25. Linking tools and the Policy/planning cycle – opportunities & leverage points Facilitation & enabling mechanisms

  26. Environmental mainstreaming in planning & policy-making? The two best options are: integrated processes merged processes Planning EM

  27. Linking EM tools/approaches Influence Better PPP.Decisions & Investments Information Deliberation & engagement= Dialogue Planning & organising Green economy

  28. Keyconstraints to environmental mainstreaming • Lack of political will • Lack of understanding & awareness (of environmental issues) • Lack of data / information • Lack of skills **************************************** • Lack of human resources • Lack of funding • Lack of awareness of available tools ******************************************************** • Over-complicated/overlapping environmental legislation • Lack of (access to) methodologies/tools - that work • Corruption • Fragmentation of environmental responsibilities

  29. www.Environmental-Mainstreaming.org Environment Inside

  30. Environment Inside - - builds on:

  31. For your attention !

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