PRESENTATION ON ARCHITECT EBENEZER HOWARD DEEPAK SHARMA 03 Arch-09

1. PRESENTATION ON ARCHITECTEBENEZER HOWARDDEEPAK SHARMA 03 Arch-09

2. BASIC INFORMATION • BIRTH: 29 JAN 1850 • DEATH: 1ST MAY 1928 • KNOWN BY: Publish book of Garden Cities of “TO-MORROW” Description of Utopian City Billerica Garden Suburb 1st housing on Howard plan

3. EARLY LIFE Ebenezer Howard was born in Fore Street, City of London, the son of a shopkeeper. He was sent to schools in Suffolk and Hertfordshire, and subsequently had several clerical jobs, including one with Dr Parker of the City Temple. In 1871, at the age of 21, influenced partly by a farming uncle, Howard emigrated with two friends to America. He went to Nebraska, but soon discovered that he did not wish to be a farmer. He then relocated to Chicago and worked as a reporter for the courts and newspapers. In the U.S. he became acquainted with, and admired, poets Walt Whitman and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Howard began to ponder ways to improve the quality of life.

4. LATER LIFE By 1876 he was back in England, where he found a job with Hansard company, which produces the official verbatim record of Parliament, and he spent the rest of his life in this occupation. Direct descendants of Ebenezer Howard include his cricket manager grandson Geoffrey Howard as well as his great granddaughter, the poet and publisher Joy Bernardine Howard.

5. INFLUENCES & IDEAS Howard read widely, including Edward Bellamy s 1888 utopian novel, Looking Backward, and Henry George's economic treatise, Progress and Poverty, and thought much about social issues. He disliked the way modern cities were being developed and thought people should live in places that should combine the best aspects of both cities and towns.

6. GARDEN CITY CONCEPT • New cities supported by core urban • Green spaces • Pedestrian spaces • Central shopping area • Linked by public transportation • Several cities in UK and USA based on these concepts (Radburn, New Jersey, USA Reston, Virginia USA, Letchworth (UK) and Welwyn (UK).

7. The original Garden City concept by Ebenezer Howard, 1902.

8. NEW URBANISM • Compact development • Neighborhood centers • Pedestrian friendly • ‘neo-traditional’ architecture • Revision of Garden City movement • Examples: Seaside and Celebration City, Florida, USA

9. CONCEPT It proposed the creation of new suburban towns of limited size, planned in advance, and surrounded by a permanent belt of agricultural land. These Garden cities were used as the model for many suburbs. Howard believed that such Garden Cities were the perfect blend of city and nature. The towns would be largely independent, managed by the citizens who had an economic interest in them, and financed by ground rents on the Georgist model. The land on which they were to be built was to be owned by a group of trustees and leased to the citizens

10. MODERN URBAN PLANNING Powerful system of planning evolved in UK Characteristics is a strong government role especially at National level. Urban planning as a discipline or practice emerged in UK 19th century. Belief represent in a reformist movement that attempted to design utopian towns.

11. Utopian conceptUTOPIA(from greek:Ou-NO & Topia- place i.e,noplace.Refer to an imaginary, ideal civilization, which may range from city to a world, regarde to be attainable in future by some.Human efforts to create a better or perhaps perfect society.Ideas which could be/are consideredable to radically better the world are often called utopian ideas.The term utopia has come to be applied to notions that are optimistic & idealistic for practical application.

12. HOW HAS THE CITY BEEN IMAGINED IN UTOPIA? • PHYSICAL: Aesthetic & spatial characteristics • SOCIAL: How people relate to and organize one • POLITICAL: How power is formalized into system of government. • ECONOMIC: To make & distribute money.

13. THE INFORMATION AGE CITY OF UTOPIA • IAHTC utopia 1) no manufacturing or light manufacturing 2) no pollution, 3) a large creative community, 4) a large number of employed in the arts, information management, research, academia, web page design, consulting, etc. , 5)a university,6) research institution, 7) a vital central city, 8) low impact transportation (public transportation, pedestrians, bicycles etc.), and 9)compact development • Termed the Creative City by Richard Florida

14. Link to UrbanIAHTC and Utopian Development • IAHTC is an ideal for cities • Manifested in visions of Simpson and Soleri • Mixed with New Urbanism and sustainability • Rejection of Le Corbusier'sand Wright’s concepts

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