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The first phase of industrialization

The first phase of industrialization. Page 107. Industrialization. Change from cottage industry to factory production. Cottage industry. Home business Raw materials were brought to a home. Also included skilled workers such as weavers, cabinet makers, masons…. Factory.

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The first phase of industrialization

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  1. The first phase of industrialization Page 107

  2. Industrialization • Change from cottage industry to factory production

  3. Cottage industry • Home business Raw materials were brought to a home. • Also included skilled workers such as weavers, cabinet makers, masons….

  4. Factory • Capital investment led to the development of specialized places for production. • Big change was people going to work.

  5. Specialization • Pin factory • Specialization leads to simple tasks unskilled labour.Cheap labour • Mass productionLower cost goods

  6. Factors • Labour • People moving into the cities and to Canada from Europe provided plenty of cheap labour.

  7. Workhouse

  8. Factors • InfrastructureTransportation • St Lawrence River, canals, railways

  9. Factors • CapitalInvestorsMachinery

  10. Factors • Water power from the rivers to run the machines.

  11. Factors • Tariff protection from outside competition

  12. Companies • Managers tended to be English • Workers tended to be French or immigrants

  13. Types of business • Food processingFlour, Sugar, Meat packing, brewing, • Leathertanning boots shoes • TextilesSinning and weaving cloth

  14. Types of business • Tobacco • Transportation equipment • Wood

  15. Page 107

  16. Working conditions Page 108

  17. Working conditions • Less than 20% of the population lived in the cities in 1867. • 1900 36%

  18. Working conditions • Farm work is hardPeople thought city life would be easierMany tales of riches. • People moved into the citiesThey found conditions very harsh

  19. Working conditions • Six day work week • 60 to 72 hours per week • Machinery was unguarded and unsafe • Work places were not heated • Shops were not ventilated

  20. Working conditions • Low wages$10 per man for a weekLess for some • Women might get $3 per week and children less. • Children would start working at 8 years old • Many factories would hire more women and children

  21. Working conditions • No insurancenot for sickness or injury • No unemployment insurance • No two week vacations • Managers could place fines on workers. • Worker could be beaten/ punished • Dismissed at will

  22. Trade unions • Unions were illegal Would be dismissed for trying to start one. • Strike were broken with force.Police or Military

  23. Page 108

  24. Living conditions Page 109

  25. Living conditions • Towns had grow slowly for many years • When industrialization began towns grew quickly • Conditions varied greatly

  26. Living conditionsWorking class • Wooden structures built near the factories • Constant danger of fire

  27. Living conditionsWorking class • OvercrowdedNo laws as to how many people could cram in together

  28. No sewer systemOuthouse was shared by many families • Often just a bucket

  29. Living conditionsWorking class • No water system • Water was sold by water carriers

  30. Living conditionsWorking class • No power • No refrigerationIce boxes

  31. Living conditionsWorking class • Factories had no pollution controls. • No garbage pick up • Cats were used to keep the rats in check.

  32. Living conditionsWorking class • High mortality rates300 per 1000 children did not live one year • Malnutrition • Epidemics disease

  33. Living conditionsWorking class • Dirt roads • Dust in the summer • No snow removal in winter • Floods every spring

  34. Living conditionsWorking class • Needed animalshorses and cows even chickens pigs • These animals were kept near peoplemanure, flies and poor hygiene

  35. Living conditionsUpper class • Entrepreneurs, businessmen • Professionals • Montreal Golden square mile • Stone buildings, large rooms • Many servants • Stable

  36. Living conditionsupper-class • Mortality rate was 187 per 1000Still very high compared to today. • Children had milk • Medical treatment • Better hygiene

  37. Page 109

  38. Emigration and colonization Page 110

  39. Population Growth • Immigration was part of the National policy, but the population grew slowly • More people were moving out of Quebec than moving in.

  40. Population Growth • Few immigrants wanted to stay in Quebec • More opportunities out west

  41. Population Growth • Farms were over populatedMechanization reduced the need for farm laborers • They could look to the city or the rest of Canada for work.

  42. Population Growth • Most people looking for work came to Montreal. • Low paid jobs for unskilled workers.

  43. Emigration • American factories offered better wages and jobs for entire families. • 1,200,000 Quebecois left for the USA • 62,000 went to Ontario • 17,000 went west

  44. Colonization • The plan was to open new lans in Quebec to encourage people to stay. • Supported by the Roman catholic church and the government

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