Industrialization of the USA

1. Industrialization of the USA Group 2 Jonathan Madrid Bryan Cheng Jaime Sioson Paul Gue Kenan Chua

2. Definition • The process of changing the social and economic order, in which industry is the most important, like the changes in England in the late 18th century, that are brought about when extensive provision [to human operators] of machines of production systems results in a change from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory production.

3. Signs that it is present in a country • Urbanization of a society • Higher Usage of Machines • Extensive Division of Labor • Growth of Mass Markets • A Wage Economy • Shift of Labor Force • People moving, from rural, to urban areas

5. Industrial Revolution in Europe • It started because England had many coal and iron deposits • Another reason is because England had many reliable sources of water • Lastly, is because England’s colonies around the world supplied them with raw materials while providing a captive market for manufacturing goods • The textile and iron industry paved the way for the Industrial Revolution

6. Pre-Industrial Revolution Social and Economic Lives of the Americans • Before Industrialization, the Americans didn’t rely much on machines, as there weren’t many at the time. • They mostly worked using their bare hands, not machines, this is also called manual labor • The laborers used their hands for many things that can now be done with machines. e.g. Farmers - removing seeds from various crops • In conclusion, their life was WAY more difficult without the use of machines.

8. Other Livelihoods before Industrialization • Shoemaking • Bookmaking • Printing • Milling • Wood-working • Candlemaking

9. Birth of Industrialization in USA • It all started in the late 1700s - early 1800s due to an outbreak of inventions made during that time. • New England was the first region in the USA to be transformed by Industrialization

10. Geographical Advantages Eastern USA Had That Helped in the Rapid Growth of Industrialization • A) Its location in relation to Europe’s location • B) Presence of Navigable Water Forms

11. Its Location in relation to Europe’s Location • Based on the Political Map of the World, you can see that the NE part of the USA is the closest part of the USA to Europe. • The NE is the part that ‘offers itself’ to Europe, as it is the easiest to reach by European craftsmen • Europe did not only bring people to America, it brought also its inventions. Such as steam power which enabled factories to use the newly invented steam engine (on wheels), locomotives, boxcars and trains. This was ideal for passengers at the time.

12. Presence of Navigable Water Forms • With the help of industrialization, Steam engines were invented, and thanks to the many water forms nearby, ships were used, not just for traveling, but also for navigation, like Mississippi’s famous steamers, or ships used to navigate the Grand Seas between Canada and the USA. • With the many water forms close to them, they were able to explore the vast seas and oceans. This made it easier to export goods to nearby countries, and most especially to travel via water.

14. Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin • Before the cotton gin was invented, farming cotton required hundreds of man-hours to do the farming needs. • There were already simple seed-separating machines invented before this, although this invention AUTOMATED the process. • Despite Cotton being the biggest industry in the South, it increased slavery a “hundredfold” • Many tried to copy this idea, as many thought it was a brilliant one. The copiers succeeded in making one, leaving him bankrupt by losing in legal battles.

15. Eli Whitney – Interchangeable Parts • Despite the cotton gin being his most popular invention, the way he made money was from inventing a way to create muskets by machine, so that the parts were interchangeable in 1798. • Gov’t Officials including Thomas Jefferson ordered him to build a gun factory which could make guns for the entire U.S. army. • Guns were then mass produced, and made so that each part can be used for every gun

16. Robert Fulton - Steamboat • He didn’t really invent the steamboat, but without him, traveling via steamboat wouldn’t be a reality. • The North River Steamboat or the Clermont, was the first commercially successful steamboat of the paddle steamer design. It operated along the Hudson River between New York and Albany. • It wasn’t the first steamboat invented, but it was the trailblazer of the long-lasting, and financially successful steamboat business.

17. Samuel Morse - Telegraph • The first crude telegraph system was made without electricity • There was such a telegraph line between Dover and London at during the Battle of Waterloo; that related the news of the battle, which had come to Dover by ship, to an anxious London, when a fog set in and the Londoners had to wait until a courier on horseback arrived. • Other inventors had discovered the principles of the telegraph, but Samuel Morse was the first to perceive the practical significance of those facts; and was the first to take steps to make a practical invention; which took him twelve long years of work

18. Elias Howe – Sewing Machine • After he lost his factory job in the Panic of 1837, Howe moved from Spencer to Boston, where he found work in a machinist's shop • Eight years later, he demonstrated his machine to the public. At 250 stitches a minute, his lockstitch mechanism outstitched the output of five hand sewers with a reputation for speed. He patented his lockstitch sewing machine on September 10, 1846 in New Hartford, Connecticut. • For the next nine years, he struggled to protect his rights from imitators who refused to pay royalties for using his designs. • During this period, Isaac Singer invented the up-and-down motion mechanism, and Allen Wilson developed a rotary hook shuttle. Howe fought a legal battle against other inventors for his patent rights and won his suit in 1856.

19. Orville and Wilbur Wright - Airplane • In 1899, after Wilbur Wright had written a letter of request to the Smithsonian Institution for information about flight experiments, the Wright Brothers designed their first aircraft. • To type and test of their various flying machines, they had persuaded an attendant from a nearby lifesaving station to snap Orville Wright in full flight • The craft soared to an altitude of 10 feet, traveled 120 feet, and landed 12 seconds after takeoff. • The first engine-powered airplane to fly was the Kitty Hawk on December 17, 1903. • They patented the airplane as a 'flying machine'

20. Thomas Alva Edison - Lightbulb • Contrary to popular belief, he didn't "invent" the lightbulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. • Although the idea of electric lighting was old, nobody had been able to develop ut to be remotely practical to daily use • In 1879, using lower current electricity, a small carbonized filament, and an improved vacuum inside the globe, he was able to produce a reliable, long-lasting source of light. • Edison's eventual achievement was inventing not just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical.

21. Christpher Sholes - Typerwroters • Contrary to popular belief, he didn't "invent" the lightbulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. • Sholes invented the first practical typewriter along with S.W. Soule and G. Glidden in 1866 • Before the computer, the typewriter may have been the most significant everyday business tool. • His first keyboard is essentially what is still used today on our computer keyboards, the QWERTY keyboard.