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IV. The New South

IV. The New South. Economy 1. 1860s southern whites earned 15% more than northern a. by 1880s only ½ of northerners 2. South blames war for troubles but its refuse to modernize a. States try to attract business i. offer tax incentives ii. Offer railroads land

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IV. The New South

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  1. IV. The New South • Economy • 1. 1860s southern whites earned 15% more than northern • a. by 1880s only ½ of northerners • 2. South blames war for troubles but its refuse to modernize • a. States try to attract business • i. offer tax incentives • ii. Offer railroads land • b. Northerners start Iron & Textile Industries in South • i. Control production & profits • ii. Colonial status maintained • iii. South remains dependent on north for finished goods • 3. Wages remain low, women & children work for less • 4. Blacks kept out of textile industry & high paying jobs

  2. 2 • Black Struggle for Acceptance • 1. Antagonism from Supreme Court • a. Union States argued against 15th amendment • i. A punishment for rebel Confederates • b. Supreme Court rules amendment only in Federal Elections • c. Civil Rights Act 1875 unconstitutional • i. Assured Blacks of equal rights in public places • d. Anti-Segregation Law in Louisiana ruled unconstitutional • e. United States v. Harris ruled KKK Act unconstitutional • i. 14th amendment only applies to states not people • f. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 • i. Segregation legal (Doctrine of separate but equal ) • 2. 1890 Mississippi instigates poll tax • a. Poor disenfranchised

  3. 3 3. Louisiana starts 1st grandfather clause 1898 a. all voters take literacy test b. exempt from test if father or grandfather voted in 1867 i. No blacks or poor whites at that time 4. Social Disparity a. Segregation keeps form economic & social equality b. before war ½ craftsmen in south were black i. 1890 84% of Blacks worked as laborers a. agriculture or service industry or domestics b. others in mining or lumber industry ii. 1900 only 10% Blacks in South are craftsmen 5. Resistance to Disparity a. J.C. Price starts Citizens Equal Rights Ass. 1887 i. Protests segregation & promotes civil rights

  4. 4 b. T. Thomas Fortune starts Afro-American League 1880 i. Fought segregation & disenfranchisement ii. Promoted Black businesses & institutions c. Ida B. Wells i. Editor of Free Speech 1890 Memphis, Tenn. ii. Led strong anti-lynching campaign iii. Forced to flee as a mob stormed & destroyed press 6. Separation movements continued a. Oklahoma proposed as a Black only State b. International Migration Soc. 1894 i. Bishop Henry McNeal Turner starts ii. Sends 2 boats of emigrant Blacks to Liberia 7. W. E. B. DuBoís a. 1st African-American to get Ph.D. (Harvard-Sociology)

  5. 5 b. called for racial equality c. believed in assertion, suffrage & higher education d. Talented Tenth 8. Brooker T. Washington a. founded Tuskegee Institute of Alabama 1881 i. Taught scientific agriculture & vocational skills b. believed in improving disparity by demonstration i. Taught hard work and moral living ii. Once Blacks are proven political rights will follow c. Tried to appease whites i. Needed white support for school ii. Atlanta Compromise 1905 a. Cotton States & International Exposition b. claimed Blacks happy with lower status

  6. 6 c. claims don’t want equality, civil rights or vote iii. Worked behind the scenes for equality

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