Mr. Burton 3.1 Notes

1. Mr. Burton3.1 Notes Please Grab:1. Your folder.2. Writing Utensil.3. Answer the following question: What is the difference between weather and climate?

2. Climate is the temperature over a period of time • Weather • The short-term changes in the air for a given place and time • Temperature and precipitation from hour to hour or day to day • Climate • A region’s average weather conditions over a long period • The expected weather for a place based on data and experience

3. How the sun affects climate • Tilt • The part of the Earth tilted toward the sun receives more solar energy than the part tilted away from the sun. • Movement • As Earth revolves around the sun, the part of Earth that is tilted toward the sun changes during the year, thus creating the seasons. • Shape • Earth’s spherical shape means that the sun’s rays directly strike the equator, but only somewhat strike the poles. • The farther from the equator, or the higher the latitude, the colder the climate.

4. Wind • Air and water warmed by the sun are constantly on the move, making different areas of Earth warmer or cooler. • Wind, or the sideways movement of air, blows in great streams around the planet. • Prevailing winds are winds that blow in the same direction over large areas of Earth.

5. Wind cont… • Weight of air • Cold air is heavier than warm air. • When air cools, it gets heavier and sinks. • When air warms, it gets lighter and rises. • As warm air rises, cooler air moves in to take its place, creating wind. • The rising, sinking, and flowing of air creates Earth’s prevailing wind patterns. • At the equator, hot air rises and flows toward the poles. • At the poles, cold air sinks and flows toward the equator. • Earth’s rotation causes prevailing winds to curve east or west. • Prevailing winds can make a region warmer or colder and drier or wetter.

6. Water and Wind • Ocean currents—large streams of surface seawater driven by winds—move heat around Earth. • Carry warm or cool water to different areas • Water’s temperature affects air temperature near it. • Large bodies of water, such as an ocean or sea, also affect climate. • Water heats and cools more slowly than land does. • Large bodies of water make the temperature of the land nearby milder. • The place where two air masses of different temperatures or moisture content meet is a front. • Can produce rain, snow, thunderstorms, and blizzards

7. Storms: Thunderstorms, Blizzards, Tornadoes, Hurricanes and Typhoons • TH: Produce rain, lightning, and thunder • Most common in spring and summer • BL: Produce strong winds and large amounts of snow • Most common during winter • T: Small, rapidly twisting funnel of air that touches the ground • Can be destructive and deadly • H and TY: Large, rotating storms that form over tropical waters in the Atlantic Ocean (hurricanes) or Pacific Ocean (typhoons). • Produce drenching rains, strong winds, and storm surges • Largest, most destructive storms

8. Mountains influence temperature • Mountains can influence an area’s climate by affecting both temperature and precipitation. • Temperature decreases with elevation, the height on Earth’s surface above sea level. • Mountains also create wet and dry areas. • Air blowing against mountains is forced to rise. • As the air rises, it cools and precipitation falls. • This effect produces a rain shadow, a dry area on the mountainside facing away from the direction of the wind.

9. Exit Slip: Post-It • Identify one thing which you learned today in class.