US History

1. US History Test #1 Lesson Notes

2. Strategies for colonization -Spain-Government Financed-Central and South America -England – Joint-stock companies – Atlantic coast of North America -France – more cooperative with Natives - Canada

4. Effects of Europeans on Indians Diseases which led to death Loss of land to European Whites Resistance – King Philip’s War

5. African slaves -Introduced in Caribbean by Spain based on an agricultural economy -Plantations—large land holdings -1619 – Jamestown—tobacco -“Middle Passage”—slave passage to New World from Africa -Forced importation of Africans to the New World -Some slaves lived as indentured servants who eventually gained their freedom

6. Triangular Trade

8. Colonial Region Settlement New England Middle Southern

9. Map of Colonial Regions

10. New England • Religious Freedom • Puritans – intolerant of others • Mayflower Compact – “covenant community” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbjWqsC0Lpk • Town Meetings – “Athenian” direct democracy • Rhode Island – Puritan dissenters • those who challenged the Puritans’ belief and the connection between religion and government • Fishing, Shipbuilding, small scale subsistence farming, and Lumber • “Puritan Work Ethic”

11. Mayflower Compact

12. Middle Colonies • English, Dutch, and German • Religious Freedom and Economic Opportunity – tolerant of other religions • More flexible social structure • Incorporated a number of democratic principles that reflected the basic rights of Englishmen • Quakers – Pennsylvania (William Penn) • Huguenots and Jews –New York • Shipbuilding, small scale farming, commerce and trade • Middle Class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers • Seaports – New York City, and Philadelphia

13. William Penn

14. Virginia and Southern Colonies • Economic Opportunity – “Free Enterprise” • Jamestown – London Company (1607) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEDXUi7Hqsc • House of Burgesses (General Assembly)—farmers had a role in representative legislatures • Indentured Servants—agreed to work on plantations to pay for passage to the New World • Plantations • Plantations were located on the Eastern Coastal Lowlands (Tidewater) • Cash crops—tobacco, rice, and indigo grown for export • African slaves provided labor/slave based economy • Poor • Shenandoah Valley and Appalachian foothills • Scots • Subsistence farming • “Cavaliers” • nobility who received large land grants • Dominated colonial government and society • Maryland – Catholics • Southern colonies had close ties to the Church of England (Anglican Church) • Family Status – Politics • Slavery based economy eventually leads to American Civil War

15. Jamestown

16. “Great Awakening” • A religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies in the mid-1700s • Led to rapid growth of evangelical religions • Baptists and Methodists • Challenged established Government and religious order • Helped lay social foundations for American Revolution

17. French and Indian War • War between England and France over land in New World • England wins and the French are driven from Canada and areas west of Appalachian Mountains • After winning, England takes several steps that angered the colonists • Proclamation of 1763—prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mts. • New Taxes—Stamp Act • Quartering Act

19. Events leading to Separation • Boston Massacre • British troops fired on Anti-British demonstrators • Committees of Correspondence • Help unify the colonies • Colonies corresponded to each by letter • Boston Tea Party • Caused Great Britain to pass the Intolerable Acts, closing Boston harbor until tea was paid for • 1stContinental Congress—All representatives except Georgia—near complete unity

20. Ideals – John Locke - Enlightenment • Natural Rights of Man • All men are free and equal • People have the rights to life, liberty, and property • Social Contract Theory • Power with people • Established a system of ordered liberty • Limited power of the government • People have the right to rebel if government breaks contract • Taxation without Representation • His ideas were radical for the time—challenging old world order of government (emperors, kings, etc.)

21. Common Sense—Thomas Paine Thomas Paine—first to assert the right to form a new nation His Common Sense contributed to growing sentiment for independence

22. Thomas Paine

23. Declaration of Independence—Thomas Jefferson (from Virginia) • Reflects the views of Locke and Paine • People created equal • Natural rights of all men • Power by consent of governed (people) • Right to rebel • Detail of grievences as described in Common Sense

24. Thomas Jefferson

25. Effect of the Declaration of Independence • Increased political, social, and economic participation • Political participation (equality) • Extending the franchise (right to vote) • Upholding due process • Free public education • Social participation (liberty) • Abolish slavery • Rights for women and minorities • Economic participation • Free enterprise system • Economic opportunity • Protecting property rights

26. Difference among the colonists before revolution • Patriots • Complete independence from Great Britain • Locke, Patrick Henry, George Washington (leader) • Loyalists (Tories) • Loyal to Great Britain • Believed taxation of colonies by GB was justified • Neutralists • Tried to stay uninvolved

27. Factors leading to colonial victory • Diplomatic • Ben Franklin negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France • War did not prove popular in Great Britain • Military • George Washington—leader of American Army • He avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army • His leadership kept the army together • America had help from France (army and navy) a the Battle of Yorktown

28. George Washington

29. Major Battles • Lexington and Concord – Minutemen • First shots of the war • Meant no chance of a peaceful resolution • Saratoga—turning point of the war • Convinces France to join the war on the side of the colonists • Proved the colonists may have a chance at winning the war • Yorktown (1781)—where Great Britain surrendered to the colonists • Treaty of Paris ending the war established the western boundary of the United States as the Mississippi River

30. Minutemen

31. Battles of Lexington and Concord

32. British surrender @ Yorktown