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Death (and Resurrection) of the Two Party System: 1815-1828

Death (and Resurrection) of the Two Party System: 1815-1828. Libertyville HS. Election of 1816. James Monroe (D-R) Rufus King (F) and four other candidates Result was no surprise DRs had taken issues of BUS, tariff from Feds Plus, Feds very unpopular due to Hartford Convention.

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Death (and Resurrection) of the Two Party System: 1815-1828

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  1. Death (and Resurrection) of the Two Party System: 1815-1828 Libertyville HS

  2. Election of 1816 • James Monroe (D-R) • Rufus King (F) and four other candidates • Result was no surprise • DRs had taken issues of BUS, tariff from Feds • Plus, Feds very unpopular due to Hartford Convention James Monroe 183 ECV Rufus King 34 ECV

  3. James Monroe James Monroe • Virginian plantation owner • Fought in Rev War (shot at Trenton; holding flag) • Served in Congress, US Senate; diplomat to France; Governor of VA • One of the negotiators of LA Purchase • SoS to Madison, 1811-1814; SoWar 1814-16 Monroe as President

  4. “Era of Good Feelings”, 1816-1824 • No partisanship (b/c only one political party existed) • Society expanding, growing, building (W, pop, new constr) • Nationalism strong (W of 1812) • Marred by Panic of 1819 & slavery issue

  5. Panic of 1819 Land Act of 1800 • Land Act of 1800 • Remember the NW Ordinance of 1787? • Divided NW Territory; created Indiana Territory and Ohio T. • Removed 640 acre minimum purchase price • Changed to 160 acres at $2.00 per acre, payable over 4 years w/ $80 down • State banks loaned to money to virtually anyone to buy land • Many bought, few could afford

  6. Causes of the 1819 Panic • 2nd BUS’ conservative credit policies • Called in loans made to state banks • State banks failed b/c land speculators couldn’t repay state bank loans • End of Napoleonic Wars • Agricultural prices dropped (Europe coming around) • Lower demand for US manufactured goods as European goods flooded US • Resulting unemployment

  7. Fixing the Panic • Land Act of 1820 • Eliminated purchase of federal land on credit • 80 acres at $1.25 per acre, cash only! Down payment $100 • Made western lands MUCH more affordable • Regional differences • North = raise tariffs • South = lower tariffs

  8. Slavery List of States, 1820 • Missouri becomes first state west of Mississippi ready for statehood • Issues • Senate balance between slave, non-slave • Should Western lands have slavery?

  9. Slavery in the West • Tallmadge Amendment • NY Rep James Tallmadge • Forbid additional importation of slaves into MO • Gradual emancipation, at age 25 • Began nationwide debate & agitation over slavery issue • House adopted, but Senate defeated it

  10. Missouri Compromise, 1820 • Henry Clay (remember him?) • Speaker of the House • Proposed compromise • Missouri = slave state • Maine = free state • Preserved Senate balance • LA Territory division • North of line = free • South of line = slave Missouri Compromise line

  11. Election of 1820 • Monroe ran unopposed • Monroe wins all ECV – except one • GW story • Truth: NH Elector didn’t like Monroe’s policies (“wasteful extravagance”) Monroe: 221 ECV John Q. Adams 1 ECV

  12. Monroe Administration Official WH Portrait • Political Atrophy • No Federalists = DRs dominate • Monroe neglected party building at local level • Internal development • Infrastructure construction (“American System”) • Westward mobility • Foreign affairs • Gained FL thru Adams-Onis Treaty (1821) • Monroe Doctrine (1823)

  13. Election of 1824 • Two ballots: 1 president, 1 VP • 4 Presidential candidates • Andrew Jackson (TN) • John Quincy Adams (MA) • Wm. H. Crawford (SC) • Henry Clay (KY) • 1 VP candidate: John C. Calhoun (SC) Jackson: 153,544 / 99 ECV Adams: 108,740 / 84 ECV Crawford: 46,618 / 41 ECV Clay: 47,136 / 37 ECV SO WHO WON???

  14. Election of 1824 Jackson • NO ONE!!! • Voting went along sectional lines • 131 ECV for majority, to win • No ECV majority, so 12th Amendment = House of Reps • Each state gets 1 vote • Vote on top three ECV winners: Jackson, Adams, Crawford • “Corrupt Bargain” • Clay, House Speaker, hated Jackson • Clay threw support behind Adams • Adams won on First Ballot in House • Clay appointed Secretary of State Adams Clay Crawford

  15. Fallout from Election of 1824 Revival of Two Party System Democratic Republican Party Democratic Party Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren National Republican Party (become “Whigs”) John Quincy Adams Henry Clay

  16. John Quincy Adams • Son of John Adams (2nd President) • Only President to be married to foreign born wife, Louisa • Diplomat under GW, Dad, Madison • Sec’y of State under Monroe • Main author of Monroe Doctrine Louisa Adams John Q. Adams

  17. President Adams’ Admin • Wanted to continue the “American System” • High tariff (supported internal development) • National Bank • High land prices (= gov’t revenue) • Roads & canals • Great opposition to Adams in Congress • Narrow victory = no mandate • Jackson, his supporters resisted giving Adams any victories; blocked all of American System

  18. Election of 1828 • Jackson & Calhoun vs. Adams & Rush • Incumbent VP switched sides! • Jackson wins handily • New coalition of Democrats • South, West regions • PA, VA (Van Buren) Results Jackson: 178 ECV / 642,553 Adams: 83 ECV / 500,897

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