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The Periodic Table

Test your knowledge of the periodic table and element families by identifying elements based on their characteristics. Use a periodic table to find the correct answers.

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table

  2. Periodic Table Basics Challenge 1 T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/

  3. Use a periodic table and your knowledge of the element families to identify each element by name. 1. I am a member of the Carbon family with 14 electrons. 2. I am a member of the Alkaline Earth family and would have 6 energy levels. 3. I am a halide that is a liquid at room temperature. 4. I am a transition metal with 79 protons. 5. I am a member of the Alkali Metal family with 20 neutrons.

  4. The answers are … 1. I am a member of the Carbon family with 14 electrons. 2. I am a member of the Alkaline Earth family and would have 6 energy levels. 3. I am a halide that is a liquid at room temperature. 4. I am a transition metal with 79 protons. 5. I am a member of the Alkali Metal family with 20 neutrons. Silicon Barium Bromine Gold Potassium

  5. Dimitri Mendeleev • arranged the elements into rows in order of increasing mass • elements with similar properties = same column • INCOMPLETE table • Father of the Modern Periodic Table

  6. Periodic Table • Tool for chemists • Atomic # • Mass # • Electron Configuration • Etc… • Modern Periodic Table: is arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

  7. Periodic Table

  8. Periodic Law • properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups. • Periods: ROW in periodic table • Groups: COLUMN on periodic table • Peri=“around” and hodos= “path” • Properties repeat from left to right across each period.

  9. Periodic Organization • Elements: classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids • metals (left) • nonmetals (right) • metalloids (middle-staircase) Pull out your blank periodic table now.

  10. The Breakdown

  11. 1. Metals • Form (+) Ions : AKA: CATIONS • good conductors of electric current and heat • malleable • ductile: can be drawn into thin wires • Lustrous (shiny) • High MP • solid at room temp (except mercury) • Low ionization energy • Low electronegativity • some extremely radioactive, some are do not react easily: • Make up the majority of the PT

  12. Metals • Alkali Metals: 1A • Alkali Earth Metals: 2A • Transition metals : characterized by “d” orbitals • form compounds with distinctive colors • Other Metals: left of metalloids • Inner Transition Metals: characterized by “f” orbitals

  13. Alkali Metals

  14. Alkali Metals • Group 1A • Highly Reactive • ONE valence electron • Form cations (1+) • React Readily with nonmetals • (Halogens)

  15. Alkaline Earth Metals

  16. Alkaline Earth Metal • Group 2A • TWO valence electrons • Form cations (2+) • Present in earth’s crust (Berylium-rock) • Not found freely in nature

  17. Transition Metals

  18. Transition Metals • Form CATIONS • Very hard • High electrical conductivity • Due to loosely bound d-orbital electrons

  19. Transition Metals • Form diverse colors

  20. Inner Transition Metals • AKA: Rare Earth Metals

  21. Inner Transition Metals • Silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. • High Luster; but tarnish quickly in air. • High Conductivity

  22. 2. Nonmetals

  23. Nonmetals • Halogens: 7A • Noble Gases: 8A

  24. Nonmetals • Form (-) ions • poor conductors of heat and electric current • low b.p. • many are gases at room temperature • (all gases are nonmetals) • ex: Fl is most reactive nonmetal • (toothpaste: fluorine and sodium, protects teeth from decay) • High ionization energies • High electronegativities • Poor conductors • Brittle solids • Little or no metallic luster • Gain electrons easily

  25. Nonmetals • Diamond – Carbon • ALLOYS of Carbon • Graphite – carbon

  26. Halogens

  27. Halogens • HIGH electronegativities • Seven valence electrons • Highly reactive - especially with alkali metals and alkaline earths • Group 7A • Form (1-) Anion

  28. Noble Gases

  29. Noble Gases • Fairly Nonreactive • Complete valence shell (s2p6) • Low boiling points • All GAS at room temp

  30. 3. Metalloids

  31. Metalloids • AKA: Semimetals • Behave like metal/nonmetal depending on conditions.

  32. Metalloids

  33. Classifying Elements • Alkali metals – 1A • Alkali Earth Metals – 2A • Transition Metals • dorbitals. • Inner Transition Metals • f orbitals • Halogens – 7A • Noble Gases – 8A • AKA = inert gases inert=unmoving/static • Rarely take part in reactions • Stable/ orbitals are full

  34. Ions Positive and negative ions form when electrons are transferred between atoms. - occurs when atom gains/loses electrons 2 types: - Cations (+): positively charged ion - loses e- - Anions (-): negatively charged ion - gains e-

  35. Cation • Loses e- and becomes (+)

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