Diseases of the Heart

1. Diseases of the Heart

3. Heart Attack

8. Congestive Heart Failure • heart valve disease caused by past rheumatic fever or other infections • infections of the heart valves and/or heart muscle (i.e., endocarditis) • cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) • cardiomyopathy, or another primary disease of the heart muscle • chronic lung disease • anemia • high blood pressure (hypertension) • hemorrhage (excessive bleeding)

11. Congestive Heart Failure

13. Valve Disease

14. The larger left ventricle (LV) is seen at left, the (rounded) left atrium (LA) to the bottom right, andthe aorta (AO)  just above the left atrium.  The leaflets of the mitral valve may be seen moving toward the left ventricle as blood flows from the atrium to the ventricle.  The aortic valve may be seen opening into the aorta as blood is pumped out of the ventricle into the aorta.

19. Dilated Cardiomyopathy

20. Dilated Cardiomyopathy • Dilated cardiomyopathy involves enlargement of the heart muscle and is the most common type of cardiomyopathy. The heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump blood efficiently. Decreased heart function affects the lungs, liver, and other body systems.

21. Cor Pulmonale

22. Cor Pulmonale

23. Arrhythmias

24. Arrhythmias

25. Prolonged QT Syndrome

26. Prolonged QT Syndrome • Abnormal heartbeats (cardiac arrhythmias) are a primary cause of sudden death, especially in the young population. • In the United States, an estimated 1 in 300,000 individuals per year die suddenly due to irregular heart rhythms. • One of the better understood causes of these arrhythmias is LQTS.

27. Prolonged QT Syndrome • Problems exist in diagnosing LQTS. • Although the method of diagnosis is the electrocardiogram, most young, healthy people do not routinely undergo this test • Thus, their first, and possibly fatal, episode of LQTS comes without warning.

28. Prolonged QT Syndrome