Introduction to Earth Science

1. Introduction to Earth Science Mr. Ross Brown Brooklyn School for Law and Technology

2. How do we use Earth Science in our everyday lives? • 5 September 2018 • Do now: Base your answers to these questions on the map below and on your knowledge of earth science. The map shows the partial storm track of a hurricane and the hurricane watch area where it is predicted to reach land. Numbers 1 through 4 show positions of the hurricane on four different days at 12 noon Why was a hurricane watch posted for the coastal areas shown? • to tell people where the hurricane started • to encourage residents to travel to the watch area • to warn people of life-threatening conditions • to alert residents of climate changes Please take a copy of our course syllabus from my low desk

3. How do we use Earth Science in our everyday lives? • 5 September 2018 • Do now: Base your answers to these questions on the map below and on your knowledge of earth science. The map shows the partial storm track of a hurricane and the hurricane watch area where it is predicted to reach land. Numbers 1 through 4 show positions of the hurricane on four different days at 12 noon In which compass direction did the hurricane travel from day 1 to day 4? • northwest • northeast • southwest • southeast

4. Aim: What are the many areas of Earth Science? If you did not take a syllabus yesterday, kindly take one today • 6 September 2018 • Do now: The greatest earthquake hazard to homes exists when they are built on • hard igneous rock • sedimentary rock • coarse sediments • silt and mud

5. Aim: What are the many areas of Earth Science? • 6 September 2018 • Do now: What are the different Sciences we will study in class this year? What is Earth Science? • Earth Science: the study of the Earth and the universe around it.

6. Geology • The study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid Earth and the processes that shape it.

7. Geology, cont. • Some jobs for geologists: • Petrologist and Mineralogist: look for minerals and oil deposits • Seismologist: study and forecast earthquakes and volcanoes • Paleontologist: study the fossil record to understand the history of the Earth

8. Oceanography • The study of the world’s oceans • Oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface & contain 97% of the planet's water, yet over 95% of the underwater world is unexplored.* * www.noaa.gov/ocean.html

9. Oceanography, cont. • Oceanographers study many things: • On research ships studying water quality • Some study waves, tides, or currents • Some study the ocean floor to understand the Earth’s history or to find resources • Some study marine plants and animals

10. Meteorology • The study of the Earth’s atmosphere and weather • Atmosphere: thick blanket of gases surrounding the Earth

11. Atmosphere

12. Meteorology, cont. • Careers for Meteorologists: • Using technology (satellites, radar) to study variations in atmospheric conditions that produce weather. • Some measure & collect weather data • Some use these data to prepare weather maps • Some use these maps to forecast weather

13. Meteorology, cont.

14. Aim: What are the many areas of Earth Science? • 7 Sept 2018 • Do now: In which sequence are the celestial objects correctly listed in order from the smallest mass to the largest mass? • Saturn, solar system, Milky Way, universe • Saturn, universe, Milky Way, solar system • Milky Way, Saturn, solar system, universe • Milky Way, universe, solar system, Saturn

15. Aim: What are the many areas of Earth Science? • 7 Sept 2018 • Do now: Iceland Volcano Eruption Spreads Ash Cloud over Europe On April 14, 2010, Eyjafjallajökull volcano, located in southern Iceland, explosively erupted, sending large volumes of volcanic ash high into the atmosphere. Much of the ash fell quickly to Earth, as seen in the map, but large quantities remained airborne and spread over Europe. Most of the ash was transported within the atmosphere below 10 kilometers. Air traffic across the Atlantic and throughout Europe was severely disrupted, as airlines were forced to keep jet aircraft on the ground. Describe one way the volcanic ash cloud may have contributed to cooler weather conditions in Europe.

16. Astronomy • The study of the universe beyond Earth • Astronomy dates back thousands of years • Astronomers use land- and space-based telescopes, satellites, space probes • They study the Moon, planets, stars, galaxies, and the whole universe

17. Astronomy, cont.

18. The Four Spheres of the Earth • Read and annotate the handout. On the handout, indentify four (4) ways spheres of the Earth might interact. • Example: • The biosphere interacts with the atmosphere causing air pollution.

19. Rubric for Word Wall Words

20. Homework #1 • 14 Sept 2016 • What are the 4 main branches of Earth Science? • What is Ecology? What is an Ecosystem?

21. Aim: What parts of the Earth will we be studying this year? Be sure to turn in your Word Wall project. Make sure it’s your best work, or save it for one more day. • 12 Sept 2018 • Do now: The photograph below shows a satellite image of a hurricane. • A satellite image of a hurricane helps weather forecasters to • warn residents of hazardous weather conditions • explain the effects of global warming on the ocean currents • predict the times of high tide and low tide • predict the total number of storms to occur in one year

22. Earth’s areas of study • Geosphere or Lithosphere: the solid Earth • Hydrosphere: the water on the planet • Atmosphere: the gases surrounding the Earth • Other scientists study Biology, the living world • Biology and Earth Science  Ecology • Relationships between living things and their environments

23. Ecosystem • A community of organisms and the environment they inhabit • The largest is the Biosphere: all life on Earth and the physical environment that supports it.

24. What safety precautions must we adopt in the earth science laboratory? • 13 Sept 2018 • Kindly take a copy of our lab from my low desk. • You may begin reading and annotation as soon as you settle in. • If you have not yet done so, be sure to place your Word Wall project in the bin on my desk.

25. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? Please be certain to turn in any work you may owe (Word Wall, yesterday’s lab, class contract…) • 14 Sept 2018 • Do now: Equal masses of granite, iron, copper, and lead are placed in sunlight. Based on specific heat, which material will warm up the fastest? • Granite • Iron • Copper • Lead

26. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? • Length • Ruler or Meter Stick • Marked in Graduations • Centimeter (cm) 1/100 meter • Millimeter (mm) 1/1000 meter

27. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? • Volume • Graduated Cylinder or Beaker • Which is more accurate? • _________________________ • More markings, finer details • Accurate to 1 ml (1/1000 liter) Graduated Cylinder

28. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? • Mass • Digital Scale • Accurate to 0.1 gram Triple Beam Balance

29. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science?

30. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? • 17 Sept 2018 • Do now: Take a copy of our lab from my low desk. Fill out your information. • You will have 10 minutes for each of the activities on the lab. I will come by with pennies for the mass activity. • You may use your phone as a calculator. You may not use it for any other purpose. Doing so will lower your lab score by up to 25%.

31. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? • 18 Sept 2017 • Do now: Put your Word Wall project in the bin on my desk. • We will be finishing our lab today. Of course, with this extra time, I am expecting your lab work to be BRILLIANT! • You may use your phone as a calculator. You may not use it for any other purpose. Doing so will lower your lab score by up to 25%.

32. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? • Read and annotate the news article on my low desk with your partner. Write a brief (3-5 sentence) summary in your notebook. I will check your work. • With your partner, come to a consensus on whether or not the article is “real science.” • Make a list of three (3) reasons that support your conclusion and then rank them in order of the strength of their support. Make reference to specific passages in the article. • Make another list of the things your team would like to review or about which you would like to learn more that would give you more confidence in your conclusion. • Important: if you did not finish yesterday’s lab, you must see me to arrange to make it up.

33. Aim: How can we use observations to form opinions in Earth Science? • 20 September 2018 • Kindly take a copy of today’s reading, “Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide,” and annotate. Write a brief summary in your notebook. • Do you agree? Should DHMO be banned? Why or why not?

34. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? • 24 Sept 2018 • Do now: Base your answer to this question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of science. The diagram shows a model of the rock cycle. • Basalt is a rock that is formed when magma from volcanic eruptions cools and solidifies. What class (type) of rock is basalt? ________________________________________ Igneous

35. Rubric for Word Wall Words

36. Word Wall Categories • Thank you for your great work on our Word Wall words. Today we will categorize them. Please use the colored pencils to draw a border around your work. Use the colors indicated below. • Geology: Brown • Oceanography: Blue • Meteorology: Green • Astronomy: Red

37. Aim: How do we take accurate measurements in Earth Science? • 20 Sept 2017 • Do now: Which star has a surface temperature most similar to of Alpha Centauri? • Polaris • Betelgeuse • Procyon B • Sirius