Soil protection in Europe Luca Montanarella

1. Soil protection in Europe Luca Montanarella

2. Bruxelles, le 16.4.2002 COM(2002) 179 final COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/agriculture/soil_protection.htm

3. Soil Policy Development Organisational Set-up Stakeholders meetings Chair DG ENV ISWG = Interservice Working Group TWG = Technical Working Group Commission ISWG Chair DG ENV Advisory Forum Chair DG ENV Technical co-ordination group and secretariat Chair DG ENV TWG 1 Monitoring Germany/JRC Co-chair UK TWG 2 Erosion Spain/Belgium Co-chair EEB TWG 3 Organic matter France Co-chair IUSS/FEAD TWG 4 Contamination Austria/NL Co-chair EEA TWG5 Research W. Blum/ RTD Co-chair ELO

4. http://eusoils.jrc.it/ESDB_Archive/eusoils_docs/

5. Food and other biomass production Agriculture Storage, filtering, and transformation Water protection Habitat and gene pool Nature protection Physical and cultural environment for mankind Archeology and cultural heritage Source of raw materials Peat, Sand, Clay,etc…. Main functions of soils:

6. Erosion Decline in organic matter Soil contamination Soil sealing Soil compaction Decline in soil biodiversity Salinisation Floods and landslides Threats to soil as identified in COM(2002) 179

7. PESERA Soil Erosion Risk Assessment The Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment - PESERA - is a process-based and spatially distributed model to quantify soil erosion by water and assess its risk across Europe

8. PESERA Soil Erosion Risk Assessment

9. Aggregated results

10. National Soil Erosion Risk Assessments

11. Validation of results

12. Predicted soil erosion Basin Predicted sediment export t/ha/year Observed sediment export t/ha/year Reservoir Sediment volume Amount of sediment SDR = Total volume of erosion Erosion Sediment delivery

13. Validation of research - building confidence Czech Republic (Dostal et al., CVUT Prague) Central Belgium (Verstraeten and Poesen, K.U.Leuven) Spain (Avendano Salas et al., Devente, Poesen and Verstraeten) Italy (Bazzoffi et al., ISSDS, Firenze)

14. US-NRCS National Resources Inventory

15. linear: rills, gullies accumulation 100 000 points systematically sampled Land Use/Cover Area Frame Statistical Survey

17. European land cover CORINE + USGS Eurasia Soil DB 1:1M Avg Annual Temp Global Historical Clim Network Model Spatial processing at 1km resolution Pedo transfer rules (van Ranst, 1995) soil type texture Topsoil Organic Carbon Content (30cm)

18. Topsoil Organic Carbon Content (30cm) Model output Aggregated results Organic carbon content (%) in the surface horizon (0-30 cm) of soils National Soil Organic Carbon stocks (0-30cm) in Gt

19. Global soil protection policies:Synergies between the 3 Rio Conventions

20. Stocks of C in soils (0-0.3 m) in France - Arrouays et al. (2002) 3,1 Pg 5,0 Pg OC content in topsoils (0-0.3 m) in France - European Soil Database

21. Change in organic matter content by commune, in Brittany, between 1980-85 and 1990-95 [M. Robert, pers. comm.]

22. time Natural land Soil carbon Agricultural land C<0 C 0 C>0 Initial cultivation Management change increase decrease Effect on atmospheric CO2 ~ Sequestration Emission

23. Declining soil organic matter %OC FYM FYM since 1885 FYM since 1968 NPK No fertilisers or manures Goulding FYM applied at 35 t ha-1 yr-1 Monitoring SOM at Rothamsted

24. The effect of tillage on carbon stocks of arable soils (After Arrouays et al., 2002)

25. Streamlining the flow of policy relevant soil information in Europe Georeferenced Soil Database for Europe Reporting policy relevant soil data aggregated by administrative units Soil Mapping Unit (Soilscape) Normalised Statistical Unit ACCESS HARMONISATION REPORTING Member States JRC EEA