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Orthodox Life Under Turkish Moslems:

Orthodox Life Under Turkish Moslems:. 1. Surrender & keep churches, worship; resist & lose all rights. 2. Special heavy tax for Christians. 3. Heirarchs legally responsible for flocks; wear Moslem judiciary garments. 4. Persecution, annexation of churches, forced conversion and subscription.

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Orthodox Life Under Turkish Moslems:

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  1. Orthodox Life Under Turkish Moslems: 1. Surrender & keep churches, worship; resist & lose all rights. 2. Special heavy tax for Christians. 3. Heirarchs legally responsible for flocks; wear Moslem judiciary garments. 4. Persecution, annexation of churches, forced conversion and subscription. 5. Orthodox centers of learning, clerical education disappear. 6. Moslem dependent on Orthodox physicians, merchants. 7. Rise of wealthy, Orthodox merchant class; Phanariots. 8. 1595-1695: 61 changes of Patriarch, 4 executed for treason.

  2. Martin Luther (b. 1483): 1. 1517: 95 theses against indulgances & other papal excesses. 2. Intimated pope is the antichrist. 3. Germany: Throw off political & spiritual tyranny of papacy. 4. Christ authorized only 2 or 3 sacraments. 5. Final authority is the words of Christ. 6. Refused to repent to Charles V at Diet of Worms (1521). 7. Sanctioned royal polygamy; lost credibility. 8. Wrote personal witness in 1545. 9. 1529, Council of Speyer: Prostestatio = Protestants 10. 1530, Augsburg: Melancthon’s ‘Augsburg Confession’

  3. Lutheran Communication with the Orthodox: 1559: Melancthon to Patriarch Joasaph II, Deacon Demetrius Misos to Melanthon for 6 months. 1573: Augsburg Confession to Patriarch Jeremiah II from German embassy. Jeremiah’s response, AGREEMENTS: truth of Scriptures, Trinity, evil not from God, 2 natures of Christ, Christ is head of Church, 2nd coming & final judgement, eternal life, no purgatory or indulgances, no obligatory celibacy for clergy, DISAGREEMENTS: Holy Tradition, filioque, predestination, number of sacraments, change of eucharist, invocation of saints, veneration of relics and fasting

  4. Lutheran Communication with the Orthodox: 1577: Lutheran response: 1. Scripture only - sola sciptura, Holy Tradition is out. 2. Holy Spirit proceeds from Father and Son. 3. 2 sacraments only - baptism and communion. 4. Triple immersion OK. 5. Chrismation is superfluous. 6. Priests are appointed to preach, not serve eucharist. 7. Unnecessary to enumerate all sins during confession. 8. No prayers for the dead. 9. Fasting from OT; we do not require it. 10. Invocation of saints belongs to God alone. 11. No infant baptism. 12. No anointing; miracles have ceased.

  5. Protestant Fragmentation: 1. Ulrich Zwingli - Reformed Protestant Church Apparent that Reformation would involve multiple faiths. 2. Balthasar Hubmaier - Anabaptists 3. Menno Simons - Mennonites 4. John Calvin - Calvinists 5. Henry VIII - Anglican Church 6. John Knox - Reformed Church of Scotland & Presbyterians 7. French Huguenots 8. Moravians > Wesley brothers & Methodist Church

  6. Protestant Fragmentation: Historian Williston Walker: “It is clear the Reformation achieved great popular success because it satisfied, or promised to satisfy, the needs of many people who earnestly desired the consolations of the Christian religion. These people were not rapacious foes of the medieval church; they were seekers after salvation who looked for the church for succor, and not finding it there, turned against the traditional religion and its representatives with all the anger of disillusioned love.”

  7. Protestantism Orthodox Christianity Roman Catholicism

  8. “I became an Orthodox Christian as a result of my historical studies. Therefore, I believe that the Orthodox Church can legitimately claim to have preserved without corruption the teachings of Christ and His Apostles… I believe that Orthodoxy is the only group of Christians that can legitimately claim to be a continuation of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. I believe that every other Christian group is the result of a split or schism led by a few mortal men and women who may have been very sincere, but who I believe also exchanged the Faith of the ancient Apostolic Church for their own opinions.” - The Historic Church, Archpriest John W Morris

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