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Understanding the Muscular System: Functions, Types, and Disorders

Explore the intricate world of the muscular system, including its properties, types of muscles, functions, and common disorders like muscular dystrophy and fibromyalgia. Learn about muscle movements, tone, and conditions like atrophy and contracture. Discover the importance of tendons, fascia, and muscle actions in maintaining overall health and mobility.

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Understanding the Muscular System: Functions, Types, and Disorders

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  1. Muscular System

  2. Vocabulary bi- two -ia condition of -lysis destruction, dissolve myo- muscle -plegia paralysis tri- three tendo- tendon para- lower half fasci- fibrous band Carp – wrist

  3. ad- to, toward or near ab- from, away circum- around inter- between, among

  4. General Info • Consists of 650 muscles • Muscles are bundles muscle fibers held together by connective tissue

  5. Properties • Excitability • Ability to respond to a stimulus such as a nerve impulse • Extensibility • Ability to be stretched • Elasticity • Allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it has contracted or stretched

  6. ●Contractibility -Muscle fibers stimulated by nerves contract or become shorter and thicker which causes movement

  7. Types of Muscles • Skeletal • Attached to bones and causes movement

  8. Cardiac Muscle • Found only in the heart • Contracts to circulate blood

  9. Visceral Muscle • Also called smooth • Found in all internal organs

  10. Functions of Muscles • Attaches to bones to provide voluntary movement • Produces heat and energy • Helps maintain posture • Protects internal organs

  11. Tendons • Strong, tough, connective tissue • One way skeletal muscles attach to bones • Ex: Achilles →

  12. Fascia • Tough sheet-like membrane that covers and protects tissue • Ex: back

  13. Muscle Actions • Origin • End of the muscle that does not move • Insertion • End of the muscle that does move

  14. Muscle Movements • Adduction • Moving a body part toward the midline

  15. Abduction • Moving a body part away from the midline

  16. Flexion • Decreasing the angle between 2 bones or bending a body part

  17. Extension • Increasing the angle between 2 bones or straightening a body part

  18. Rotation • Turning a body part around it’s own axis

  19. Circumduction • Moving in a circle at a joint while the other end stays stationary

  20. Muscle Tone • State of partial contraction • Muscles have some tone at all times

  21. Atrophy • Lack of muscle tone • Occurs when muscles are not used for a long period of time they shrink in size and lose strength

  22. Contracture • A severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in a bending of a joint • Ex: Foot drop

  23. Diseases • Muscular Dystrophy • Group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic progressive muscle atrophy • Fibromyalgia • Widespread pain in specific muscle sites • S/S muscle stiffness, numbness, tingling, pain • Muscle Spasms • Cramps • Sudden involuntary muscle contraction • Strain • Overstretching of or injury to a muscle or tendon

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