The Renaissance Was it a Thing - Crash Course World History 22

1. The Renaissance Was it a Thing - Crash Course World History 22

2. SSWH9 Analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation a. Explain the social, economic, and political changes that contributed to the rise of Florence and the ideas of Machiavelli.

3. Renaissance • The Renaissance was a period of “rebirth” in Europe after the Middle Ages • After years of war, and the devastation of the plague, many city-states in Italy began exploring the arts, music, and politics based on the ideas founded in Rome and Greece

4. The rise of Florence (Italy) • Florence was a major trade center during the Middle Ages and Crusades • The vast amount of trading, gave rise to a powerful merchant class • This merchant class believed in individualism and growth in the arts, politics, and their personal lives. • Florence was a wealthy center of trade in the late Medieval period. It was home to the lucrative silk trade in Europe, and one rich family in particular- the Medici family- funded many artistic projects in the 1300 and 1400s.

5. Florence - Birthplace of The Renaissance

6. The rise of Florence • The merchant class became involved in Florence’s politics • The Medici Family, powerful merchants and bankers, came to power in the early 1400s • The family supported the arts and the ideas of the Renaissance • The Medici Family had the greatest impact on the Renaissance culture in Florence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ip0PC6Tmc

7. Economic changes • Due to the Crusades, overseas trade had led to a growth of large city-states in northern Italy. • Bubonic plague hit these towns in the 1300’s. • Survivors of the plague demanded higher wages. • This allowed them to pursue interest like the arts. • During the Renaissance, cities like Florence, Genoa, and Venice were MOST important because they were centers of trade and commerce. While there were artists and schools in those places, these virtually independent city-states flourished economically because of the amount of business that went on there. Advances in the arts and education were a wonderful by-product of the economic situation.

8. Economic changes • Florence was a wealthy center of trade in the late Medieval period. It was home to the lucrative silk trade in Europe, and one rich family in particular- the Medici family- funded many artistic projects in the 1300 and 1400s. • The rise of Florence as one of the leading cities in Europe from the 1400s to the 1800s can be attributed to its economic growth and political stability. • Florence established a banks all over Europe by developing a uniform currency. By the 15th century, the church's condemnation of ursury no longer applied to banking, as long as the interest rate was not too high

9. Economic changes • The Medici • wealthiest of all was Cosimo de Medici • used his wealth and control of the banking industry to take control of the government • – Cosimo de Medici maintained the appearance of a republic but ruled Florence as a dictator. • – Under Medici leadership, Florence continued to thrive as a center of commerce. • – The vast wealth held by the residents of Florence funded major cultural developments in art and architecture.

10. The Medici Renaissance in Florence

11. Social changes • A wealthy merchant class developed in these city-states. • They began to dominate politics. • Successful merchants believed that they deserved power because of individual merit. • This brought about a belief in individual achievement.

12. Political changes • Florence came under the rule of a powerful banking family, the Medici. • They influenced members of the ruling council by giving them loans. • The biggest accomplishments of the Medici were in the sponsorship of Renaissance art and architecture. The Medici were responsible for the majority of Florentine art during their reign. Their financial support was significant because during this period, artists generally only made their works when they received commissions in advance.

13. Niccolo Machiavelli • Wrote “The Prince” in 1532. • It examines how a ruler can gain power and keep it in spite of his enemies. • Niccolo Machiavelli was commissioned by the Medici ruling family to write a history of Florence. • He advised that political leaders should lie and trick their followers if it is for the good of the country • Said that most people are “selfish, fickle, and corrupt”. • He was not concerned with what was morally right, but what was politically effective.

14. The_Prince__Power_and_How_to_Rule

15. “Is it better to be loved or feared? The answer is to be both loved and feared. But, it is much safer to be feared than loved, if one is wanting.” -Machiavelliabsolute power is the surest and most effective way to rule

16. “A prince must be strong as a lion, and shrewd as a fox.” -Machiavelli

17. Niccolo Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli’spolitical writings helped the Medici family maintain control of Florence, Italy during the Renaissance. Machiavelli's beliefs on political authority and the many renowned artists in residence made Florence, Italy a prominent European city during the Renaissance

18. b. Identify artistic and scientific achievements of the Renaissance

19. Start of the Renaissance During the Medieval period: • sculpture and painting were considered the work of tradesman • work was commissioned by the church and was limited to the depiction of scenes from the bible • techniques used were rudimentary leading to the production of painting and sculptures that were fairly simple • relied heavily on symbolism to convey their meaning During the Renaissance period: • Wealthy patrons in Italy willing to pay for high quality works inspired a new approach to the arts. • interested in classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. • approached the visual arts as an intellectual pursuit • led to major advances in techniques like the use of perspective and shading

20. Renaissance • What was a Key Idea to the Renaissance? One of the main aspects of Renaissance thought was an interest in classical civilizations of Greece and Rome Many historians trace the earliest beginning of the Renaissance to exchanges made during the Crusades

21. The Renaissance Man • The Renaissance Man was a term used to describe those who were well rounded and masters in the arts, music, literature, dance, and fighting • Interested in a revival of learning

22. Renaissance Art • Unlike painting from the medieval period Renaissance artist used light, shadow, and perspective to carefully recreate the human form. • While people during the Middle Ages viewed painting and sculpting as simple crafts, artists during the Renaissance transformed painting and sculpting in intellectual achievements. They used scientific principles to achieve perspective, light, and shadow in paintings and to make their works more lifelike.

23. Leonardo da Vinci

24. Leonardo da Vinci • Da Vinci is a classic example of a Renaissance Man • He was a famous painter, scientist, and inventor • One of his most famous paintings was the Mona Lisa • He drew up plans for ideas such as a helicopter, tank, and a calculator

25. The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci

26. Leonardo Da Vinci • His notebooks contain 3500 pages of writings and drawings. • He wrote in these notebooks backwards. • He planned scholarly works and engineering feats.

27. Leonardo_da_Vinci__Renaissance_Man

28. discovery of basic principles of flight resulting in sketches of parachutes and gliders

29. Helicopter

30. Parachute

31. Tank https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uhMiXmN9Dk

32. Leonardo da Vinci

33. Leonardo’s human body

34. Why is Leonardo da Vinci known as a “Renaissance Man?” • The Renaissance is the name given to the age of knowledge and inquiry that followed the Middle Ages. Leonardo’smanyintellectual interests perfectly symbolize the revival in learning associated with the Renaissance. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwOlIGGDVjE

35. Michelangelo • Excelled as a painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. • Most famous for the way he portrayed the human body. • His most famous works include the Sistine Chapel and the Statute of David • .Michelangelo Buonarrotipainted the ceiling of Vatican City's Sistine Chapel between 1508 and 1512. His work is now widely considered some of the finest of the Renaissance, if not the finest in all of Western art.

36. Michelangelo Pieta – Depicted grandeur, grace, order and harmony

37. Michelangelo • Another Renaissance Man, Michelangelo is know for his skills as a sculptor and painter • His works include his paintings on the ceiling of the SistineChapel and his sculptures of the Pieta and David

38. Michelangelo Buonarroti Sistine Chapel

39. The Sistine Chapel, then, is a cathedral. • , which is the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. This Renaissance masterpiece was painted by Michelangelo, took nearly four years to complete, and covers an area over 12,000 square feet.

40. One half of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling painted by Michelangelo in 1508 with a close-up

41. Statue of David This Renaissance masterpiece was sculpted by Michelangelo between 1501 and 1504 and portrays the Biblical King David. Michelangelo's depiction of David is a departure from previous images which portray the hero after his victory over Goliath. Instead, Michelangelo chose to depict David before the fight contemplating the battle yet to come.

42. Moses

43. Michelangelo • His most famous architectural achievement included what is still one of the most famous domed structures in the world Saint Peter’s Basilica in Romeis the largest and most important Catholic Church in the world. While many architects over many centuries played a role in its design, the most important was Michelangelo, who planned what was then the world’s largest and tallest dome.

44. St. Peter’s Basilica

45. c. Explain the main characteristics of humanism; include the ideas of Petrarch, Dante, and Erasmus.

46. Humanism • Humanism was a movement that focused on human potential and achievements based ancient Greek values • Humanists- were inspired by the renewed interest inGreek and Roman culture • Humanist believed: -"that the individual has importance and his achievements should be celebrated.". -That the focus should be on people and their achievements (art and literature) -Music, art, literature and grammar should be available to all levels of society.

47. Humanism • An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. • Influenced artists and architects to carry on classical traditions. • Popularized the study of subjects common to classical education, like history, literature, and philosophy. • Humanism Would lead to the Age of Enlightenment. Humanists were often at odds with the church because many humanists ideas conflicted with the church ideas. Humanists taught about questioning everything, including religious ideas of God and sin.

48. Petrarch • Father of Humanism • Developed the sonnet or lyrical poem. • Was the first to use the phrase “Dark Ages” to to describe the lack of culture found during the Middle Ages. • Argued that God gave human beings talents and they should use them to the fullest, whether it be religious or secular.

49. Dante • Wrote in the vernacular, his native language, instead of Latin. • Most famous work is the “Divine Comedy”. • It describes a journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise. • In Italy, he is known as the “Supreme Poet”.

50. Dante