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Augustan ideology and mythology

Augustan ideology and mythology. What is the significance of the Ludi Saeculares and the Carmen Saeculare ?. Aureus , 16 BCE Augustus with the laurel crown ( obv .) Augustus distributes suffimenta to two togate figures (rev.). Prima Porta Augustus, after 20 BCE.

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Augustan ideology and mythology

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  1. Augustan ideology and mythology

  2. What is the significance of the LudiSaeculares and the Carmen Saeculare? • Aureus, 16 BCE • Augustus with the laurel crown (obv.) • Augustus distributes suffimenta to two togate figures (rev.)

  3. Prima Porta Augustus, after 20 BCE

  4. Augustus of Prima Porta (Livia’s villa), post-20 BCE What is the significance of these texts and images? “I forced the Parthians to restore to me the spoils and standards of three Roman armies and to ask as suppliants for the friendship of the Roman people” (RG 29.2) King Phraates of Parthia, denarius, 19 BCE “On humbled knees Phraates accepted the law and rule of Caesar” (Hor. Epist. 1.12.27-29

  5. Reconstruction of coloring on Prima Porta Augustus “These standards I deposited in the innermost shrine of the Temple of Mars Ultor” (RG 29.2) “Parthian, you return the eagles and you surrender the bows that have been overcome: now you do not possess any more tokens of our disgrace” (Ovid Fasti 5.593-4)

  6. Details on the cuirass: Central scene: Mars/Tiberius; she-wolf or army dog; Parthian Deities: Sol, Caelus, Luna, Apollo, Diana Provinces: Hispania or Armenia; Gaul Personfication: Tellus; Cybele (Phrygian/Trojan mother goddess) Creatures: sphinxes What is the significance of these personficiations in the context of Augustan ideology? Sphinx Sphinx Luna (back)Dawn (front) Caelus (Heaven) Sol (Sun-God) Hispania/Armenia Gaul Diana& hind Apollo& lyre Mars/Tiberius Parthian Tellus with cornucopia

  7. What is the significance of the small figures at the feet of Augustus? • What is the significance of Augustus’ pose and dress?

  8. Prima Porta Augustus Alexander the Great

  9. Galinsky argues that the Prima Porta draws upon Polykleitos’ 5th c. Doryphoros and Lysippos’ Hellenistic Alexander (here, both Roman copies from Pompeii). Why is this significant?

  10. Gaius Iulius Caesar (20 BCE-4 CE)British Museum, ca. 2-4 CE LuciusIulius Caesar (17 BCE-2 CE)Corinth Museum, after 4 CE What do these portraits reveal about Augustan propaganda?

  11. AraPacis, 13-9 BCEFER(IAE) EX S(ENATUS) C(ONSULTO) Q(UOD) E(O) D(IE) ARAPACIS AUG(USTAE) IN CAMP(O) MAR(TIO) CONSTITUTA EST NERONE ET VARO COS.(Corpus InscriptionumLatinarum 12.24, in reference to July 14, 13 BCE)"Holiday, by decree of the Senate, because on that day the Altar of Augustan Peace was founded in the Campus Martius, in the consulship of Nero and Varus." FERIAE EX S(ENATUS) C(ONSULTO) QUO[D EO] DIE ARAPACIS AUGUSTA[E IN CAMPO ] MARTIODEDICATA [E]ST DRUSO ET CRISPINO C[OS].(InscriptionesItaliae 13.2.117, in reference to January 30, 9 BCE = Livia’s birthday)"Holiday, by decree of the Senate, because on that day the Altar of Augustan Peace was dedicated in the Campus Martius, in the consulship of Drusus and Crispinus."

  12. Res Gestae 12 on the Ara PacisAugustus as the auctor of pax • “When I returned from Spain and Gaul, in the consulship of Tiberius Nero and Publius Quintilius, after successful operations in those provinces, the senate voted in honour of my return the consecration of an altar to Pax Augustain the Campus Martius, and on this altar it ordered the magistrates and priests and Vestal virgins to make annual sacrifice.”

  13. Ara Pacis Augustae, 13-9 BCE

  14. Imperial Procession, Ara Pacis Augustae, 13-9 BCE

  15. Processional Frieze:Augustus, Lictors, Marcus Agrippa

  16. Parthenon, Panathenaic Frieze, NW corner

  17. How are the members of the Augustan family presented, and why? Marcus Agrippa, Gaius(?), Livia, Tiberius, Lucius(?)

  18. Direction of traffic along Via Flaminia from PortaFlaminia Augustan narrative What is the significance of the altar’s orientation? N

  19. Mars, Romulus, Remus Penates, Aeneas, Ascanius

  20. Mars (l.); She-wolf, Romulus & Remus (below, restored);Faustulus (r.) How does this scene reflect Augustan ideology?

  21. How does this scene reflect Augustan ideology? Left to right: Penates (ancestral spirits) in small temple, attendants, Aeneas with Penates, Iulus/Ascanius

  22. Direction of traffic along Via Flaminia from PortaFlaminia Augustan narrative N

  23. Roma personified (and restored)Why is her depiction significant here?

  24. Tellus / Venus / Italia / Pax Augusta / Ceres How does this scene reflect Augustan ideology and what makes it “polysemiotic”?

  25. How do the decorative elements – acanthus leaves, tendrils, etc. – connect to the Augustan ideological program and enhance the viewer’s experience?

  26. What is the intended interplay among the processions, the four smaller panels, and the function of the Ara Pacis? How is the monument polysemiotic and multivalent?

  27. Temple of Mars Ultor (Avenger)

  28. Venus, Mars, CaesarAeneas, Romulus, summiviri

  29. What was the function of the Forum and how did it fit into the Augustan ideology?

  30. Boscoreale cups, ca. 12-14 CE Augustus on curule chair, holding globe, followed by Mars and 7 provinces personified (or 4 + Virtus, Venus, Eros), turning towards Venus, who holds Victoria and is followed by Roma and the Genius Populi Romani (genius of the Roman people personified) Boscoreale cups, ca. 12-14 CE Augustus as imperator, on military commander’s stool, extending his hand to barbarians and their children What are the ideological messages conveyed by these cups?

  31. What are the ideological messages conveyed by this cameo? The Gemma Augustea

  32. Augustus “as Jupiter”

  33. Augustus, seated next to Roma, the personification of Rome, crowned by Oikoumene, the personification of the inhabited world. Augustus holds the augur’s staff and the lituus (reference to Tiberius’ victory conducted under Augustus’ auspices) Hera and Zeus from the Parthenon frieze, ca. 432 BCE

  34. Oikoumene with mural crown, Oceanus, Italia

  35. Augustus and Roma Tiberius and Germanicus(son of Tiberius’ brother Drusus) Soldiers raising a tropaion; auxiliary soldiers; conquered barbarians (Germans, Spaniards, Thracians)

  36. What are the ideological messages conveyed by this altar? Belvedere Altar, 12-2 BCE& Vergil’s two prophecies Aeneas, spear, oak (crown), sow (sacrifice), seer (Apollo?); AraPacis Apotheosis of Caesar: Apollo/Sun, Venus w. Gaius, Lucius, Augustus, Caesar in quadriga, Caelus (PrimaPorta) Victoria and ClupeusVirtutis Augustus, vicomagistriLares and 3 Vestals Verg. Aen. 3.390ff.: “When … by the waters of a secluded stream, you find a sow lying under the oaks on the shore, just delivered of a litter of 30 young, a white mother reclining on the ground, & white the young at her teats – there shall be the city’s site, there a sure rest from your toils” (Helenus to Aeneas) Verg. Aen. 1.286-290: “From this noble line shall be born the Trojan Caesar, who shall extend his empire to the ocean, his glory to the stars, a Julius, name descended from great Iulus!” (Jupiter to Venus, prophesying the arrival of both Julius Caesar and Augustus)

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