HOW TO INCREASE NEAR MISS REPORTING

1. HOW TO INCREASENEAR MISS REPORTING IEC Regulatory Compliance Program April 25, 2016

2. Give safety leaders ideas on how to increase near miss reporting in order to help keep employees safe. TODAY’S GOAL

3. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW How to Increase Near Miss Reporting • Definition: Near Miss • Reluctance to Report Near Misses • Benefits of Reporting Near Misses • How to Improve Near Miss Reporting • Actions Needed to Address Near Miss Reporting • Keeping the Process Flowing

4. If you were asked to define a near miss, what would you say?

5. WHAT IS A NEAR MISS? • Simply put…a close call! • Individual(s) involved were not injured • May have resulted in damage to T&E • If not attended to and corrected, more than likely will result in one or more of your employees being injured or acquiring an illness from its cause Definition: Near Miss

6. Definition: Near Miss Forklift tipped over while carrying load that shifted on an uneven work surface. Driver escaped without a scratch by staying buckled inside the cage. Mechanic working under railcar had just stepped away when the car was struck by another railcar being positioned on an active work track. Forklift ran over welder’s foot (which was protected by his steel toed boots) when the driver backed up and did not see him walking behind his lift.

7. NEAR MISS ESCAPEJICOSH - JAPAN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH In the work of replacing the bucket securing pin, a mechanic hit the pinhead with a sledgehammer forcibly. The pin was driven out of the hole in a high speed and came near to hitting a fellow mechanic on the opposite side. www.jniosh.go.jp/icpro/jicosh-old/english/cases/sacl/saigai03e/saigai03e_19.htm Definition: Near Miss

8. OSHA: FATAL FACTS A near miss is often only an Inch or two away from a tragedy. • A carpenter apprentice was killed when he was struck in the head by a nail that was fired from a power actuated tool. • The tool operator, while attempting to anchor a plywood form in preparation for pouring a concrete wall, fired the gun causing the nail to pass through the hollow wall. • The nail traveled some twenty-seven feet before striking the victim. • The tool operator had never received training in the proper use of the tool, and none of the employees in the area were wearing personal protective equipment. http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_FatalFacts/f-facts02.html Definition: Near Miss

9. What percent of near misses do you think are actually reported?

10. Personal Opinions Reluctance to Report Near Misses Near miss incidents in any organization outnumber actual injuries between 2:1 and 4:1 Less than 20% of near miss incidents are actually reportedto the proper authority.

11. Possible Reasons for Not Reporting Near Misses Reluctance to Report Near Misses No system in place Workers believe supervisors will hold such near miss reporting against them Generates additional work (i.e. paperwork, subsequent Investigation, etc.) Supervisors and/or workers have not been instructed how to report near misses. Once reported, nothing is done to address or correctwhat caused the near miss

12. Possible Reasons for Not Reporting Near Misses Reluctance to Report Near Misses Upon reporting – there is no follow-up communicated to the Individual(s) who so reported the near miss. Loss of credibility for those that report such. May be viewed as a “squealer.” There is no motivationfor organizational employees to report near miss incidents – nothing is gained individually or organizationally. Near misses are so frequent that they become common place and part of the everyday work life.

13. Possible Reasons for Not Reporting Near Misses Reluctance to Report Near Misses Employees may fear a possible job loss or be penalized if they are found to be a contributing factor of the near miss incident. Form(s) used may be too complicated for near miss reporting. There is no one assigned to handle/direct the actions needed to correct what caused the near miss. Workers have the mindset that being safe in the workplace also includes being lucky.

14. We must find ways to hear and learn from our near misses.

15. OSHA – WEEKLY FATALITY / CATASTROPHE REPORT(Federal and State Data Tabulated Week Ending November 6, 2010) Wouldn’t you have wanted to make a difference here?

16. Benefits of Reporting Near Misses

17. Real Life Example Benefits of Reporting Near Misses

18. Reporting of a near miss and the subsequent investigation will more than likely reveal acts, conditions, etc. that will need to be corrected.

19. Benefits of Reporting Near Misses Existing Conditions Do not be surprised when investigating near misses if you find unsafe conditions that have been present for some time. No Standard Work Practice Near miss incidents are often caused by having no such standard practice or procedure in place, which results in having various and most likely unsafe ways to accomplish a task or responsibility. Lack of Training Another condition that leads to safety incidents is the lack of training of the workers involved – i.e. how to safely use a come-along.

20. Benefits of Reporting Near Misses Using Improper or Unsafe Tools Can a near miss incident ever be caused by management? A tool is given to an employee that is either improper or unsafe to use for the job that that they are asked to perform. Cutting Corners Employees not following the steps that need to be performed in a specific order. Such may be due to complacency and the belief that they will not get hurt or it may include simply trying to speed up their work process.

21. Benefits of Reporting Near Misses Lack of Safety Awareness There is a lack of safety awareness by people involved in near misses and accidents. Not seeing co-workers in immediate work area. Placing body parts between pinch points. Not checking work area prior to setting up or beginning work. Outdated Procedures Organizations must ensure that when their processes change they must update their procedures to reflect such changes.

22. It is essential for safety leaders to hearandknow about near misses.

23. How to Improve Near Miss Reporting • Report in a timely manner. • Take corrective action. • Prevent accidents like this before they occur.

24. How to Improve Near Miss Reporting

25. Important Elements to Have in Place How to Improve Near Miss Reporting • No penalty. There should be no penalty to any employee that reports a near miss. • As soon as such is experienced, all near misses will go underground. • Driver of the system. At each of your locations, you need to have someone assigned to be the “handler” of all near misses. • Such duties will include recording, leading the near miss investigation and helping to determine and complete corrective actions to prevent any reoccurrence.

26. Important Elements to Have in Place How to Improve Near Miss Reporting • Publicize your efforts. In order to make near miss reporting successful, you must publicize your efforts. • Find a way to report how corrective actions taken as a result of near misses have helped your cooperative and employees by making their workplace safer. • You will have employees reluctant to report near misses until they see that they have something to gain from reporting. • Share with others. Near misses can and should be a learning tool for all applicable employees. • Make sure that you take time to not only share the near miss incident but but also how it occurred and what actions were taken to prevent its reoccurrence.

27. Important Elements to Have in Place How to Improve Near Miss Reporting • Communicate actions taken. It is very important that you communicate any findings and actions taken to those involved with the near miss. • Include both the individual(s) that reported the near miss, as well as any Individual(s) that were involved in the near miss. • In addition, it would be beneficial to advise any work group members that are involved in similar work actions. • Use as a leading indicator. Take time to track and record your near miss incidents. Such can be used as an indicator of your safety performance to come. • Are they major vs. minor in nature? Is their primary cause from lack of awareness or lack of training, etc.? • Near misses can point to what safety efforts are needed in the workplace. Address what is causing them. Address negative trends in performance.

28. Important Elements to Have in Place How to Improve Near Miss Reporting • Senior management support. Senior management must support near miss reporting in three aspects:

29. The actions we take in response to near miss reporting will determine the success of the process.

30. Actions Needed to Address Near Miss Reporting

31. Actions Needed to Address Near Miss Reporting

32. Actions Needed to Address Near Miss Reporting

33. Actions Needed to Address Near Miss Reporting

34. Actions Needed to Address Near Miss Reporting

36. How do we keep the process flowing and ensure success?

37. Keep the Process Flowing

38. Keep the Process Flowing

39. Keep the Process Flowing

40. As safety leaders, we must work with our people to see events, conditions, etc. beforethey turn into accidents and injuries.

41. Safety leaders must be there for our people – including those that DO and DON’T know better.

42. QUESTIONS? Kodi Swafford kswafford@indianaec.org

43. HOW TO INCREASE NEAR MISS REPORTINGREFERENCES – THOSE NOT NOTED Forck, Matthew (2010). The S.T.O.R.M Model for Near-Miss Reporting. TDWorld.com. Retrieved December 26, 2010 from http://tdworld.com/overhead_distribution/storm-model-near-miss-reporting-20100201/ Professional Safety (Nov 2010). Safety Management – Webinar Encourages Near-Miss Reporting. American Society of Safety Engineers.Retrieved December 10, 2010 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5618/is_200911/ai_n42857768/ Forck, Matt (Oct 2009). Near Miss Reporting – The Sounds of Silence. ISHN. Retrieved December 29, 2010 from http://www.ishn.com/Articles/Feature_Article/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000678682