24 x 7 in Rural Water Supply Is a Reality – Punjab Experience

1. 24 x 7 in Rural Water Supply Is a Reality – Punjab Experience Presentation by: Er. N.K. Dhir SE, Chandigarh

2. Alice in Wonderland • Alice : “Which road do I take?” • Cheshire Cat : “Where do you want to go?” • Alice : “I don’t know,” • Cheshire Cat : “Then, it doesn’t matter.” “If you don’t know where you are going, any road will get you there.”

3. What 24X7 Water Supply Means? • Safe & adequate water readily and conveniently accessible by users at all times and in all situations.

4. Why 24 x 7 was felt necessary? Intermittent supply gives rise to the following deficiencies in the service and its management: • Serious risks to health, resulting from ingress of contaminated groundwater to the distribution system; • Inability to practice efficient supply management; • Inability to practice effective demand management; • Operational inadequacies which unduly weaken the physical infrastructure; • Customer dissatisfaction with an unreliable service of poor quality. • Customer inconvenience, in many cases to an unacceptable degree, by limiting personal water usage to below the level required for the practice of safe hygiene and translating into an unwillingness to pay for a sub-standard service.

5. Schematic view - Showing the accumulation of groundwater contaminated by sewage, oils, greases and heavy metals in run-off from roads How this contaminated water can enter water distribution pipes when they have been emptied down at the end of a supply period.

6. Schematic view - Showing how this contaminated water within the pipes is then transmitted through to the customer’s premises when the distribution system is pressurized next.

7. Schematics view - Showing If a distribution system is continuously pressurized, it is not possible for contaminated groundwater to enter the pipes, even when there are breaks in the pipes and joints.

8. What is the Supply Situation in the Rest of the World? • A continuous, 24-7 supply is the norm in the rest of the world. All developed countries have continuous water supply systems. In the United Kingdom, for example, if the water supply to an area must be interrupted, for whatever reason, the water company must pay a monetary penalty to every customer in that area for every day that the supply is interrupted for a given number of hours.

9. Can We Afford to Convert to 24 X 7 Supply? • The question of affordability can be viewed from two perspectives from the perspective of the customer of the water service; and from the perspective of the overall economics of the entire system and the provision of a cost-effective service. • Punjab experience shows that intermittent water supply can be converted to 24 X 7 water supply with minor additions.

10. Steps Followed for Achieving 24 X 7 Water Supply • Making aware and sensitizing the people of the village about the scheme. • Generating Participatory Rural Appraisal. • Forming Gram Panchayat Water Supply Committee. • Providing Capacity Building Training. • Training on project concepts, • Role of GPWSC/GP/Opinion Leaders during pre- planning & planning phase . • Training on quality aspects in implementation phase. • Training for operation and management aspects to the Pump Operators/Technicians, officials handling the Accounts and Billing (post implementation phase). • Effective Monitoring & Training Is Essential

11. Why metering was felt necessary? • Meters Successfully address the issue of unequal distribution of drinking water, • Misuse of water by advantage groups, • Constant complaints about inadequate supply of drinking water. • Non-payment of water tariff due to poor services and unbalanced budget leading to huge pending electricity bills and diversion of development funds towards maintenance of schemes by the GPs. • Meters save water and energy cost. • Eventually, every household gets water supply and pays according to what it uses. • The meters also trigger the professionalization of the GPWSCs . • GPWSCs begin to hire and manage technical staff,

12. Why metering was felt necessary? • Fix and adjust tariff to fully cover increasing operation and maintenance (O&M) cost. • Charge on volumetric basis, and develop a computerized billing and collection system. In fact, GPWSCs manage their water supply systems on a utility management model. • The introduction of meters helps the GPs, with support from GPWSCs, to fulfill the requirements of Government along with delivering a much better service. • GPWSCs managing piped water systems with metered connections are able to meet O&M expenditure in a better way. • Enhance transparency of the working of GPWSC making them better equipped to report to GP authorities and the Gram Sabha.

13. How much it cost to install 24 X 7 Water Supply ? Does it cost more ? Or less ? Than an intermittent supply? • Intermittent supply can be converted into 24 X 7 Water supply by installing a liquid level controller in the Over Head Service Reservoir & by installing meter in each & every household of the village and by employing an effective revenue management system. It is not costly as the investment on these items can be offset by the benefits of reducing non revenue water.

14. EFFECTIVE REVENUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS THE BACK BONE OF 24 X 7 WATER SUPPLY • Revenue management system is an important aspect of any Water supply System to make it self sustainable. Besides fixing a tariff structure, billing and collection of revenue play an important part.

15. Revenue Management SystemTechniques adopted. • A bulk water meter of 100 mm size has been installed at the entry point of each village to measure the quantity of water supplied to the village. • 15 mm size water meters have been installed inside the houses by DWSS. In case of malfunctioning of meters, the manufacturer has to rectify it free of cost for a period of one year. • Thereafter, the GPWSC through identified mechanics shall maintain a system of meter maintenance arrangements. • Meter readings in each house is undertaken by pump operator / cashier on 25th of every month. The meter reading record is maintained in a register. • The signature of every consumer is taken on the register about the correctness of meter reading.

16. Fixation of Tariff. • The monthly tariff has been fixed by the GPWSCs by taking into account the expenditure on the following heads to make GPWSC self sufficient. • Electricity Charges for running of machinery. • Establishment Charges. • Repair of Infrastructure such as machinery, pipe lines & Civil structure. • Cost of disinfection.

17. BILLING OF WATER CHARGES. • At present the water bills are prepared by cashier but soon preparation of the bills will be outsourced to a computer agency. • DWSS has already outsourced the preparation of water bills to the “Department of Electronics and Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC) , Sector 17 Chandigarh”. • GPWSC shall be persuaded to outsource the preparation of bills to DOEACC. The agency would charge Re.1 for the preparation of each water bill which will be borne by the consumers/GPWSC on trial basis.

18. COLLECTION OF WATER CHARGES. • Collection of water bills is done by the Pump operator/ Cashier. In case of any default in meter during use, an average bill of previous three months usage will be charged. • The GPWSC will supply new water meters in lieu of faulty meters. The charges for the new meter will be borne by the consumer. • If any consumer is found guilty of misusing the water, his water connection will be disconnected & reconnection charges will be met by the consumer.

19. Can 24 X 7 be achieved without Meters ? • From the experience gained by the Department it can be concluded that without metering 24 X 7 water supply status cannot be achieved.

20. 11 Villages have achieved the Status of 24 X 7 Water Supply District : Fatehgarh Sahib District : SAS Nagar • Paprala • Rasulpur • Railon Khurd • Chitmali District : Ropar

21. 24 X 7 Water Supply Multi Village Scheme Paprala - Case Study • The Water supply scheme Paprala is situated about 45 km from Chandigarh on Chandigarh- Ropar Road. This village is about 2 km on left side from main road. • Population: - The present population of the villages Paprala, Railon Khurd & Rasulpur are about 922, 713 & 521 having 160, 115, 85 drinking water connections respectively. • Previous water supply System: - Previously these villages were NC villages. Residents were facing great scarcity of water as level of water used to fall gradually during some season.

22. Paprala - Case StudyCommunity demanded improved water supply • The proactive people of village Paprala, Railon Khurd & Rasulpur unanimously decided to approach Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department Punjab to get World Bank Aided Project in their village. Department officials visited these villages and hold preliminary dialogues with the community on their needs, problems and priorities in relation to water and sanitation and they asked the villagers to collect their beneficiary share of Rs.1500/ household and people were made aware about the ill effects of the contaminated water and water borne diseases. Gram Panchayat Water Supply Committees were formed under the Prime Chairmanship of S. Dial Singh (Sarpanch) according to World Bank guidelines and with cooperation of members collected their beneficiary contribution to the extent of Rs 5.02 lacs.

23. Paprala - Case StudyWhat are salient features • As per guidelines of the World Bank Project, GPWSCs were constituted and resolution in this regard was received on 07-12-2005. The GPWSC was approved by District Water Supply and Sanitation Committee. GPWSC has opened bank account in State Bank of Patiala, Ropar. The committee collected 100% beneficiary share and deposited in bank account. Digital Survey of the village was conducted. DSR was prepared and submitted to Govt. for approval. Pb. Govt. No. 168 dt. 12.1.06 for Rs. 55.19 lacs & was technically sanctioned by C.E. (south) Patiala No. 50024 dt. 9.10.2006. The bid of the work of this scheme was prepared and sanctioned in five packages. The tender was called through press and on World Bank Website from 28-05-2007 to 28-06-2007. The tender of five packages of this scheme was approved by tender accepting committee in the month of August, 2007. The work was commissioned in the month of Aug, 2009 and handed over to GPWSC in the month of Sept, 2009 for O & M.

24. Paprala - Case StudyMaking 24X7 Work • Design features: The GPWSC started the O & M with the help of Department but in the beginning the wastage of drinking water was very much and committee could not control the wastage. Due to this the expenditure on electricity bill and other expenses was high and savings of the committee was not very good. The Committee discussed this problem with the department and demanded water meter at every connection.  

25. Paprala - Case StudyMaking 24X7 Work • Technical Parameters: The department installed 90mm, 90mm & 75mm size Bulk Water Meters at water works for villages Paprala, Railon Khurd & Rasulpur & individual water meters of 15mm size at every connection. So that wastage of drinking water can be controlled.

26. Paprala - Case StudyMaking 24X7 Work • Financial Parameters: Before the installation of water meter, running of motor was 6 to 7 hours a day and consumers get only six hours water supply in a day. Now the running of motor is 5 hours a day and consumers get 24 hours water supply. The electricity bill prior to installation of meter was Rs. 11000/- and after the installation of water meter the average electric bill is Rs 8000/- . The flat rate prior to installation of water meter was Rs. 75/- per household. Now tariff is Rs. 30/- per house hold as monthly minimum charges plus Rs. 5/- per kilo liter. The villagers have no necessity for any kind of storage and saved their time. Now the wastage of water is below 10%.

27. Paprala - Case StudyMaking 24X7 Work • Social Parameters: The health of villagers improved due to 24 hours drinking water supply and sufficient time is devoted to their agriculture activities. On this account the financial position of the villagers has also improved. It has also improved the health of domestic animals resulting the increase in milk production. After interaction with the village people it has been noticed that after commissioning of this water supply scheme, general health of people has improved to considerable extent.

28. 24 x 7 Metered Water Supply Schemes District : MOHALI *Some House Holds have more than one connection.

29. 24 x 7 Metered Water Supply Schemes District : ROPAR *Some House Holds have more than one connection.

30. 24 x 7 Metered Water Supply Schemes District : Fatehgarh Sahib

31. Surplus Revenue in Rs. Villages

32. Delegates of Department Of Economic Affair, Government Of India And World Bank Visiting 24x7 Village Singhpura

33. Delegates of Department Of Economic Affair, Government Of India And World Bank Visiting 24x7 Village Singhpura

34. Delegates of Department Of Economic Affair, Government Of India And World Bank Visiting 24x7 PAPRALA Scheme Ropar

35. Delegates of Department Of Economic Affair, Government Of India And World Bank Visiting 24x7 PAPRALA Scheme Ropar

36. Sh. Gurnam Singh Cashier GPWSC Singhpura showing the records of Water Supply Scheme to Sh. Vijay Bhaskar, IAS Joint Secretary Govt. of India

37. Mr Vijay Bhaskar IAS, Joint Secretary DDWS Govt. of India interacting with GPWSC members of village Singhpura

39. O&M related information about village Singhpura (Typical Monthly Data)

40. O&M related information about village Sitabgarh (Typical Monthly Data)

41. Evaluation of Performance of 24 x7 Water Supply • Multi Village Scheme Paprala (Paprala, Rasulpur, RailonKhurd). • Single Village Scheme Chitamali. • Single Village Scheme Singhpura.

42. Evaluation Report of Village Paprala

44. Village Paprala Non revenue water (NRW) is water that has been produced and is “lost” before it reaches the consumer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks, sometimes also referred to as physical losses) or apparent losses (for example through theft or metering inaccuracies).

45. Evaluation Report of Village Railon Khurd

47. Village Railon Khurd Non revenue water (NRW) is water that has been produced and is “lost” before it reaches the consumer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks, sometimes also referred to as physical losses) or apparent losses (for example through theft or metering inaccuracies).

48. Evaluation Report of Village Rasulpur

50. Village Rasulpur Non revenue water (NRW) is water that has been produced and is “lost” before it reaches the consumer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks, sometimes also referred to as physical losses) or apparent losses (for example through theft or metering inaccuracies).