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Progressivism 1900 - 1916

Progressivism 1900 - 1916. Photo Credit: http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/angels.html. “ Progressivism began as a social movement and grew into a political movement.

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Progressivism 1900 - 1916

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  1. Progressivism1900 - 1916 Photo Credit: http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/angels.html

  2. “Progressivism began as a social movement and grew into a political movement. The early progressives rejected Social Darwinism. They believed that the problems society faced could best be addressed by providing a good education, a safe environment and an efficient workplace.” Text Credit: http://www.nps.gov/elro/glossary/progressive-era.htm

  3. The Origins of Progressivism can be found in the • Liberal Republicans• Protestants• muckrakers• women• socialists• Populists Photo Credit: http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v297/ribinder/xprs-suffragettes.jpg

  4. The ideas of the Populists were not embraced by society while the ideas of the Progressives were. Populists Progressives

  5. PopulistsProgressives • rural • urban • mostly poor • middle class • not well educated • educated • “radical” ideas • “mainstream” ideas the same basic ideas but a different public perception

  6. The Populists “paved the way” for the Progressives! Photo Credit: http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0600/media/0601_030301.jpg

  7. Progressive Goals • Not to remake society, but to make the existing system better. • To make government more responsive to the people. • For government to play a greater role in protecting the health, safety and welfare of the people.

  8. Muckrakers Muckrakers were journalists who exposed societal problems to the public. By raising social consciousness, the muckrakers get society to demand that the government address these problems.

  9. Upton Sinclair wrote about “The Jungle.” Reading from “The Jungle” – Ham & Sausage Photo Credit: http://home.millsaps.edu/mcelvrs/Upton_Sinclair.jpg and http://www.animalgenome.org/edu/PIH/pigcuts.gif

  10. Ida Tarbell wrote about the Standard Oil Company. Photo Credit: http://archives.cjr.org/year/01/3/images/tarbell.jpg

  11. Lincoln Steffens wrote about “The Shame of the Cities.” Jacob Riis showed us “How the Other Half Lives …” Photo Credit: http://www.nndb.com/people/472/000114130/lincoln-steffens-1-sized.jpg and http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/resources/Private/Faculty/Fac_From1877ChapterDoc/ChapterImages/Ch16JacobRiis.jpg

  12. … and it wasn’t pretty. Photo Credit: Jacob Riis, Public Domain

  13. Some Progressive Government Reforms • City governments were reformed through the election of city commissioners and the hiring of city managers. • Galveston, Texas, recovering from a massive hurricane, was the first to adopt this.

  14. Initiative - allows citizens to introduce (initiate) legislation to the legislature and requires the legislature to vote on it. • Referendum – allows proposed legislation to be voted on by the public. • Recall – allows voters to remove an elected official from office in a special election.

  15. Amendment 16 – created a graduated income tax • Amendment 17 – provided for the direct election of senators by “we the people.” • Instituting the secret ballot and voter registration laws. (Some of these, such such as literacy tests and poll taxes turned out to be anti-progressive.) • Instituting protections for workers: Workingman’s compensation, limits on hours, restrictions on child labor, etc.

  16. Progressivism Policies The first national park in America was Yellowstone, established in 1872 by President Grant. The progressive presidents were dedicated to both preservation and conservation of land and resources. Yellowstone River Photo Credit: http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/1/yellowstone-river.jpg

  17. President Theodore Roosevelt oversaw the creation of 5 new national parks, 16 national monuments and 53 wildlife reserves. (preservation) He was also appointed a Public Lands Commission in 1903 to regulate the use of public lands. The National Forest Service was created to control harvests on national forest lands. (conservation)

  18. President Taft continued to place federal land under protection. President Wilson supported the passage of the National Park Service Act to manage the lands placed under protection by Roosevelt and Taft. Wilson, a Democrat, would lower the tariff and make laws against monopolies stronger. He also created the Fed Reserve to regulate banking and the Federal Trade commission to investigate unfair practices (these polices were called “New Freedom”

  19. The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. This helped to trust-bust, regulate the meat and food industry, and settle labor disputes.

  20. Progressivism and African Americans African Americans faced discrimination, official and unofficial rules in every area of life - housing, employment, voting, etc. Violence against African Americans was common. 1930 lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith in Marion, Indiana Photo Credit: http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/african/2000/lynching.htm

  21. 1935 lynching of Rubin Stacy in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Photo Credit: http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/african/2000/lynching.htm

  22. 1919 lynching of William Brown in Douglas County, Nebraska. Photo Credit: http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/african/2000/lynching.htm

  23. African American leaders fought for change and advancement. Booker T. Washington wanted African Americans to concentrate first on education and earning incomes; thus arming themselves to better fight for social and political equality later. (accommodationism) Photo Credit: http://www.lib.duke.edu/archives/images/people/washington_bt-lc.jpg

  24. W. E. B. Du Bois wanted people to fight for rights and for immediate government intervention in righting the wrongs against African Americans. Photo Credit: http://www.nps.gov/bowa/bowajpg/dubois1.jpg

  25. A group of black and white activists met at the Niagara Conference (1905) in order to establish a political platform. They hoped to revive a militant “abolitionist” spirit in America that would inspire others to join them in their fight against segregation and discrimination. These persons disagreed with Booker T. Washington’s philosophy, and embraced the ideals of W. E. B. DuBois. Photo Credit: http://www.nps.gov/bowa/bowajpg/dubois1.jpg

  26. The Niagara Movement “cleared the way and charted a course” for the formation of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) – which began in 1909. The NAACP was devoted to securing legal rights for blacks. It provided lawyers for people, challenged segregation laws and worked for societal and governmental change. Photo Credit: http://www.africanamericans.com/NiagaraMovement.htm

  27. The National Urban League was established by African Americans in 1910. It was devoted to improving economic conditions for urban blacks through the securing of employment and fair housing, and provided help for newcomers to urban areas.

  28. “The progressive Presidents, for all their talk about fairness and equality, turned a blind eye to racial problems." Photo Credit: http://www.tallarmeniantale.com/pics/TedRoosevelt1917.JPG

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