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Progressivism

Progressivism. What is it?. Progressivism- reaction to big business and societal problems Causes Unfair treatment of labor Working conditions Treatment of farmers Monopolies and big business Corrupt governments- state and local Unequal treatment of minorities and immigrants.

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Progressivism

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  1. Progressivism

  2. What is it? • Progressivism- reaction to big business and societal problems • Causes • Unfair treatment of labor • Working conditions • Treatment of farmers • Monopolies and big business • Corrupt governments- state and local • Unequal treatment of minorities and immigrants

  3. Muckrakers: Who are they? Ida Tarbell- investigated Standard Oil Charles Russell- investigated Beef industry Lincoln Steffens- investigated political machines Jacob Riis- investigated city living conditions (How the Other Half Lives) Upton Sinclair- meat industry of Chicago (The Jungle)

  4. Jacob Riis Ida Tarbell Upton Sinclair Lincoln Steffens

  5. Robert LaFollet: Reform Governor of Wisconsin Direct Primary- direct primary elections Initiatives- citizens propose a new law and put on ballot Referendums- citizens reject or approve a new law Recalls- citizens can remove a public official 17th Amendment- direct election of US Senators

  6. Robert LaFollet

  7. Other Changes • Suffrage Movement • Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Lead to 19th amendment- women’s suffrage • Social Welfare and Education • States pass minimum working age, maximum hours and compulsory school attendance laws • Health and Safety • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire- NYC (100’s of women killed) leads to safety and fire codes in factories • Workers compensation- pay workers when injured • Zoning laws- restrict residential and industrial areas • Prohibition • Ban sale and consumption of alcohol • Lead to the 18th amendment- ban sale and consumption of alcohol

  8. Progressive Presidents • Theodore Roosevelt • 1901-1907 • William Howard Taft • 1908-1911 • Woodrow Wilson • 1912-1919 Theodore Roosevelt William Taft Woodrow Wilson

  9. Theodore Roosevelt • Trustbusting • Use Sherman Anti-trust Act to break up trusts • Federal government serve as leaders in arbitration (3rd party) • Ex. Govt. sue Northern Securities Company • Railroad Legislation • Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 • Elkins Act of 1903- made if illegal for railroad officials to give rebates for using specific railroads • Hepburn Act of 1906- limit distribution of free railroad passes (form of bribery

  10. More Roosevelt • Health and Environment • Meat Inspection Act- cleanliness requirements in meatpacking factories and federal meat inspection • Pure Food and Drug Act- halt sale of contaminated food and medicines and call for truth in labeling • Conservation- natural resources and parks • Newlands Reclamation Act- use funds from sale of federal land to pay for land development • Conserve 100 million acres- Yellowstone National Park "It is also vandalism wantonly to destroy or to permit the destruction of what is beautiful in nature, whether it be a cliff, a forest, or a species of mammal or bird. Here in the United States we turn our rivers and streams into sewers and dumping-grounds, we pollute the air, we destroy forests, and exterminate fishes, birds and mammals -- not to speak of vulgarizing charming landscapes with hideous advertisements. But at last it looks as if our people were awakening."

  11. William Taft • Elected in 1908- chosen by Roosevelt • Controversy • Payne-Aldrich Tariff- Cut tariffs a little, anger Progressives and make them think Taft is abandoning them • Ballinger-Pinchot- Taft replaces Sec. of Interior with Ballinger and limit and reduce conservation • Reforms • Children’s Bureau • Mann-Elkins Act- increase power of Interstate Commerce Commission • Firsts Under Taft • First president to own a car • First to throw out the first pitch to begin baseball season • Arizona became a state, now had 48 states in US • First and only president to get stuck in his bathtub; had to get a bigger one installed

  12. Woodrow Wilson • Wilson elected in 1912 due to split in Republican Party • Teddy Roosevelt unhappy with Taft and will run again under Bull Moose Party- split Republican vote and allow Wilson to win • Economic Reforms • Federal Reserve Act- banks only keep portion of money, rest kept in regional federal banks (most important piece of legislation in American history) • Clayton Anti-Trust Act- stricter controls on Trusts • Underwood Tariff- decrease tariff by half • Federal Trade Commission (FTC)- monitor American business for unfair practices

  13. Federal Reserve System • Advantages • Money in federal bank is insured • FED regulates banks to make sure they are making sound decisions • FED creates a stable currency

  14. More Wilson • Social Reforms • Keating-Owen Child Labor Act- prohibit hiring of children under 14 (eventually ruled unconstitutional) • Adamson Act- 8 hour workday for RR workers • Federal Farm Loan Act- long-terms loans at decreased rates

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