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Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak

Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak. Chrislyn Wood Jennifer Periat. Introduction. WHAT? Low Pathogen Avian Influenza H7N2 WHEN? March 7 – August 2002 WHERE? Shenandoah Valley, Virginia WHY?. Pathogenesis of AI.

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Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak

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  1. Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak Chrislyn Wood Jennifer Periat

  2. Introduction • WHAT? Low Pathogen Avian Influenza H7N2 • WHEN? March 7 – August 2002 • WHERE? Shenandoah Valley, Virginia • WHY?

  3. Pathogenesis of AI • Viral infection that ranges from asymptomatic infection to acute, fatal disease of chicken, turkey, guinea fowl, and other avian species including migratory waterfowl • Signs include respiratory symptoms, depression, reduced feed and water consumption, severe drop in egg production and hatchability, DEATH

  4. Pathogenesis • Incubation Period: 3-14 days • Highly contagious (100%) • Low Path – low mortality, recover in 3 weeks • High Path – 95% mortality within 24 hrs

  5. History • 1878: Highly pathogenic form first appeared in Italy over 100 yrs ago • 1924-25: First recognized in the US, then again in 1929 • It was eradicated both times • 1983-84: Major northeastern US epidemic • Took more than 2 years and $70 million to eradicate • Approximately 17 millions birds destroyed

  6. History • 1997: Hong Kong: 4500 cases of AI, serotype H5 • 18 HUMAN cases of AI, 6 were fatal • This is the first proof that AI can be directly transmitted to people • Other recent outbreaks

  7. Virginia LPAI Outbreak 2002 • 197 farms affected and depopulated • Mainly commercial turkey farms affected followed by chicken broiler breeders and turkey breeders • Total birds depopulated: 4,743,560 !!!! • $11.3 million to control VA outbreak • $69.7 million indemnity costs to farmers

  8. Virginia Outbreak 2002 • Incidence Command System • Multi- agency system designed to rapidly and efficiently control emergencies • Agencies involved: USDA APHIS VS, VA Dept of Ag, VA Agricultural and Poultry Industry, Health & Human Services, Army Vet Corp, US Forest Service, VMAT, FEMA

  9. Virginia Outbreak 2002 • Organizational Roles and Responsibilities • Field Operations • Financial/Administration • Logistics • Planning/Tech Support

  10. Roles and Responsibilities

  11. Virginia Outbreak 2002 • It’s EPI time!!!! • Index Case • Turkey Breeder Hen Farm east of Harrisonburg, VA • March 7, 2002 : negative antibody blood samples, POSITIVE VI tissue samples • Rebled March 11th – POSITIVE antibody blood samples • March 6th (previous day) two houses of hens transported to second farm …. • Risk Factors ? • Common rendering truck picking up daily mortality

  12. Virginia Outbreak 2002 • Surveillance during outbreak • All breeder flocks tested for antibodies (AGID) every 2 weeks • Flocks of all types - daily mortality tested for virus once a week (VI and RT PCR) • Directogen - primary screening method as outbreak progressed

  13. Summary of LPAI VA Outbreak 2002 • ICS used in animal disease outbreak – SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME / ready for animal disease related bioterrorism attack? • Molecularly similar to H7N2 virus found in PA/NY/NJ – FIND SOURCE!! • Industry must maintain high biosecurity btwn commercial flocks and live bird markets

  14. References • Emergency Education Network’s USDA/FEMA Emergency Preparedness Satellite Seminar: Incident Command System Sept 5, 2002 • USDAPHIS VS Emergency Programs: Avian Influenza Eradication Guide • Poultry Health Handbook – 4th Edition, Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, 1994. • www.vdacs.state.va.us/animals/avian.html • www.usda.gov • www.usaha.org • www.doacs.state.fl.us/ai/avianinfluenza.htm • www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu

  15. Thank you!Any questions?

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