Yoga - Mind Body and EEG

1. Yoga - Mind Body and EEG Mind over Matter Facilitated by: Neilly Buckalew MS, MSL, ND, MD NIH NIA Post-Doc Fellow PMR PGY-3

2. Mind over Matter:The case of Disabling vs. Nondisabling Chronic Back Pain • Pilot 1 (Buckalew et al, 2010, Pain Med): • 16 older adults all with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) • 8 self-report disabling, 8 nondisabling • No pysch hx , psychotropic use, same neuropsych testing scores • Structural MRI and Resting state fMRI • Disabling group less white matter integrity of the splenium (posterior aspect) corpus callosum • Disabled had activation of the right medial prefrontal cortex (rMPFC) at rest whereas the non-disabled demonstrated activation of the left lateral prefrontal cortex (lLPFCnear the SMA). • Pilot 2 (Buckalew et al, 2013, PMR journal): • 24 older adults (8 Dis pain, 8 Nondis pain, 8 Pain free) • White matter hyperintensities greatest in disabled

3. Mind over Matter:The case of Disabling vs. Nondisabling Chronic Back Pain • Pilot 3 (Presented International Pupil Colloquium, 2009) • 16 older adults CLBP • 8 self-report disabling, 8 nondisabling • No pysch hx , psychotropic use, same neuropsych testing scores • For the disabled under cognitive load, pupils statically significantly slower to dilate. • Statistically negative correlation of pupillary response with rMPFC and positive with the lLPFC resting state intensities • Reciprocal relationship indicated. • Disabling chronic pain may be an objectively measurable state where allocation of neural resources contributes to disability

4. Mind over Matter:Imagine it is possible • Imaging a motor activity activates all the same regions of the brain. • Motor imagery used in sports and research supports visualization improves motor learning. • Also used in stroke rehab • (Davis et al, 2008, Brain Imaging and Behavior) • Athletes demonstrated autobiographical negative emotions activated the MPFC while concomitantly suppressing premotor and motor regions of the LPFC. • Conversely, cognitive behavioral intervention resulted in decreased MPFC and increased LPFC activation = restored premotor/motor region activation.

5. Yoga: What is it?

6. Yoga: What is it? • Yogic Philosophies and Yogic Means • Hatha Yoga - Discipline of body and breath • Bhakti Yoga - Discipline of emotions, Devotional • Karmic Yoga - Discipline of Actions, Good deeds • Raja or Jnana Yoga - Discipline of the mind • Meditation all types • Very root of all Yoga • MIX and MATCH the above ----------------------------- • Kundalini Yoga • Tantric Yoga • Kriya Yoga • Yoga Nidra • Buddhism

7. Yoga: What is it? • Yogic Philosophies and Yogic Means • Hatha Yoga - Discipline of body and breath • Bhakti Yoga - Discipline of emotions, Devotional • Karmic Yoga - Discipline of Actions, Good deeds • Raja or Jnana Yoga - Discipline of the mind • Meditation all types • Very root of all Yoga • MIX and MATCH the above ----------------------------- • Kundalini Yoga • Tantric Yoga • Kriya Yoga • Yoga Nidra • Buddhism

8. Yoga: What is it? • Yogic Philosophies and Yogic Means • Hatha Yoga - Discipline of body and breath • Bhakti Yoga - Discipline of emotions, Devotional • Karmic Yoga - Discipline of Actions, Good deeds • Raja or Jnana Yoga - Discipline of the mind • Meditation all types • Very root of all Yoga • MIX and MATCH the above ----------------------------- • Kundalini Yoga • Tantric Yoga • Kriya Yoga • Yoga Nidra • Buddhism

9. Yoga: What is it • Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Eight Limbs of Yoga • Quieting the fluctuations of the mind = overall good health 1.) Yamas: Universal morality (5 including Ahimsa) 2.) Niyama: Personal observances (purification i.e. Kriyas, discipline, and contentment) 3.)Asanas:  Body postures 4.)Pranayama:  Breathing exercises, and control of prana (life force) 5.) Pratyahara:  Control and the senses, focusing the mind 6.)Dharana:  Concentration and cultivating inner perceptual awareness 7.)Dhyana:  Meditation, Devotion, Contemplation 8.) Samadhi: Liberation, Higher consciousness

10. Yoga Key Historic Turn • Decolonization leads to Yoga renaissance in Indian (1884-1940) • Mysore tradition starts in Mysore India • Royal family patrons of revitalizing Yoga • Krishnaraja westernizes and focuses on asanas • British exercise and Indian wrestling and gymnastic traditions/texts • Sritattvanidhi – the core text of modern body-centric Yoga • Promote research • Promote women • Higher Krishnamacharya in 1924 to teach and promote Yoga • His pupils migrate to the US to teach yoga

11. Means • Body Postures (Asana) • Hand/Body Postures (Mudra) • Meditation • Chanting/Mantra • Karmani (Purification) • Pranayama (Breath) • Music • Etc!

12. Viniyoga • Gary Kraftsow - Viniyoga • Student of Krishnamacharya • Complete system • Developmental • Adaptive (meet the student where they are at) • Breath-Centric • Emphasizes relationship of breath to spine and movement • Core strength and stability • Cognitive elements • Left right attention • Memorization to time breathing • Emphasizes interpersonal development adapting your own paradigm

13. Mobile EEG a Mind-Body Measure? • Early stages of developing how to use mobile EEG as assessment tool for response to Yoga • Demonstrated feasibility using mobile EEG during a complete yoga practice

14. Mobile EEG a Mind-Body Measure? • Designed a calibration stage determine state of the brain prior to intervention and serves as template also to understand response to Yoga. • Collected data on pranayama, asana, and meditative sessions as well as complete practices with all elements. • Looking for brain state commonalities and relationship with subjective experiences. • Demonstrated common brain states and association of the feeling of calm in preliminary data (meditative practice with mudra).