Injuries and First Aid

1. PAGES 98-103 735-759 Injuries and First Aid

2. Direct pressure • Elevate • Roller bandage • If bleeding through, add more bandage • Pressure points • Brachial/Femoral Arteries Controlling Bleeding

4. 1st Degree – Top layer of skin is red and dry. Treatment – put under cold water for 10 minutes. Burns

5. 2nd Degree – Destroys multiple skin layers, red blotchy skin, blisters form Treatment – cold water (not ice) and elevate. Wrap loosely with dry dressing and get medical attention. Burns

6. 3rd Degree – critical burn destroying skin and possibly fat, muscle, nerves and bone. Skin looks gray or charred Treatment – call 911. Cold water (not ice). Wrap loosely with dry dressing Burns

9. Signs of choking: • Universal sign • Pale skin followed by turning blue • High pitched whistle sound • Inability to speak CHOKING

10. 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts

11. The Xiphoid Process

13. Melanoma(skin cancer)

14. Melanoma:  The most dangerous form of skin cancer (that is highly curable when detected in its earliest stages & treated).  Of the 1 million new cases of skin cancer that will be diagnosed this year in the US, approximately 88,000 will be melanoma.  It can occur on any skin surface!   It begins in the type of skin cell called a melanocyte.  As part of the tanning process, these skin cells produce large amounts of skin pigment or melanin, to help protect the skin from burning.  The main cause of melanoma appears to be related to excessive UV (ultra-violet)  radiation exposure. What is it? pab40foundation.org/facts.html

15. Moles have sharply defined borders Can be flat or raised If raised, they are raised evenly **Watch for changes in appearance** MolesWhat is normal?

16. One half does not match the other half A = Asymmetry

17. Edges become ragged, notched or blurred B = Border Irregularity

18. Mole changes color to shades of tan, brown or black • Colors are not uniform across the entire mole C = Color

19. Any sudden or continuing increase in size Mole is larger than 6mm (size of a pencil eraser) D = Diameter

23. Surgery to remove (excise) melanoma removes the cancer and a border of healthy tissue. The inner circle represents the melanoma and healthy tissue that are excised The eye shaped incision is often done to neatly close the surgical site.

24. Who Is at Risk? Personal or family history of blemishes  (dysplastic nevi or melanoma) Faircomplexion,redhair, freckling Severe childhood sunburn. Protecting skin during the first 18 years of life reduces the risk of  some types of skin cancer by up to 78%!! Large pigmented skin blemishes  (congenital nevi) pab40foundation.org/facts.html

25. Sun Facts You can get a sunburn even on a cloudy day!  Up to 80% of the sun’s rays can penetrate light clouds, mist, and fog. Snow reflects the sun like a mirror.  Fresh snow reflects nearly 90% of the sun’s rays. You can burn while you’re in the water!  Water reflects 80% of the sun’s radiation. Dry surfaces reflect some of the sun’s rays.  Concrete reflects up to 85% of the sun’s rays. Just one sunburn can increase your chance of developing skin cancer by 50%! pab40foundation.org/facts.html

26. Protect yourself during any outdoor activity with a sunscreen that has an SPF of at least 15.Sun’s peak hours are 10am- 4pm. Apply sunscreen 15-30 minutes before going outdoors to allow penetration into the skin. Reapply after 2 hours.  Protect Your Skin pab40foundation.org/facts.html

27. People 35 or younger who used the beds regularly had a melanoma risk eight times higher than people who never used tanning beds. Even occasional use among that age group almost tripled the chances of developing melanoma. (American Cancer Society) Tanning Beds?