Acculturation scale development I . Qualitative phase

1. Acculturation scale developmentI . Qualitative phase Ethel Alderete1, Raul Mejía2, Omar Jerez1, Ana Heras3 1Universidad Nacional de Jujuy 2UniversidadNacional de Buenos Aires 3CONICET World Congress on Tobaco or Health, Helsinki 2003 Funded by Research on International Tobacco Control (RITC/IDRC) Canada

2. Jujuy, Argentina

3. Methods • Research Site: Province of Jujuy, Argentina • Purpose: to develop and test an acculturation scale for Indigenous youth • Population : • Indigenous Peoples (Kolla) (Traditional) • European (Latino) descent (Western)

4. Acculturation Extent to which Indigenous individuals participate of their own culture, or of the culture of the dominant western society, or both Acculturation scales List of statements (itmes) measuring acculturation low/high continuum

5. Why use aculturation scales ? To asses association between acculturation levels and smoking behavior patterns • Is acculturation a risk factor for smoking behavior ? • Are highly acculturated youth more likely to smoke compared with less acculturated youth ?

6. Ethnic differences in smoking behavior (US) • Between ethnic groups differences: Higher smoking prevalence among Native Americans compared to European descent (whites) • Within ethnic group differences: Lower smoking prevalence among less acculturated Latinas

7. Acculturation scales • Used among immigrant populations in developed countries • Based on “language use” and “ethnic self-identification”

8. Proxys for acculturation • Ethnic self-identification: denial (discrimination) • Language use: all speak Spanish Not appropriate for area of study

9. Qualitative phase of Scale development • Qualitative interviews and focus groups • Literature review: • Theoretical frameworks (traditional vs. western) • Existing scales (Latinos, African Americans, Native Americans) • Ethnographic/archeological data Data collection

10. Qualitative phase of Scale development Purpose • Understand meaning of culture • Identify dimensions of cultural construct • Develop scale items

11. Concept Dimensions Items List of Statements Agree/Disagree Likert Scores 1-5 Culture • Cultural heritage: ceremonies, foods • Health beliefs: healers, medicinal plants • Values: respect for elders • Nature: respect for nature Do ITEMS differentiate high vs. low acculturation ?

12. Dimension: cultural heritage Measures: knowledge Item: Corn is used to prepare traditional foods No difference between High/Low acculturation Dimension: cultural heritage Measures: attitude Item: I do not care about our culture at all Porvides high vs. low acculturation continuum

13. Concept Dimensions Items Weights Culture • Knowledge superficial/thorough • Attitudes/beliefs positive/negative • Cultural persistence continuity / extintion Weighted scores • Cultural heritage: ceremonies, foods • Health beliefs: healers, medicinal plants • Family values: respect for elders • Nature: respect for nature List of Statements Likert scores 1-5 ITEMS differentiate high vs. low acculturation

14. Acculturation scale development II. Quantitative phase • Pretesting and revising items • Assessing consistency and validity (factor anaylisis, reliability) • Testing association with smoking behavior